Color appearance and its relation to perceptual organization

描述（由申请人提供）：光的感知颜色可以强烈地依赖于看到光的上下文，但是先前的工作通过将上下文的所有元素视为图形/背景分割中的背景而过度简化了上下文内的各个元素的贡献。在自然观察中，大多数场景都有许多对象，其中一些对象与焦点测试对象的联系比其他对象更强。物体的颜色外观可能取决于具有共享属性的元素，但哪些元素或共享关系最重要，在很大程度上尚未探索。拟议的研究将开发一个更精细的理解，如何不同的上下文组件影响颜色感知。特别是，颜色外观的变化将被测量与地面的某些部分比其他部分更强烈地联系到测试。目的1比较颜色外观变化与在不同深度平面中分离的元素。将测量来自S锥刺激中变化的刺激的色诱导和色适应的程度，其中一些元素与相同深度平面内的图形相关联，而另一些元素被进一步移除。将使用与测试对象外观匹配的颜色来量化感知的颜色偏移。深度的影响将通过在不同深度处改变上下文的色彩属性的条件下匹配的变化来评估。目标2将探索色彩感应的程度，元素通过运动方向与图形相联系。待测试的假设是当测试被感知为在相同方向上移动时，二维平面或三维深度运动中的上下文是否将主导色感应线索。目标2将使用与目标1类似的方法来量化感知的色偏。目标3关注的是彩色适应机制和它们对三维场景表示的敏感性。感知的色移将在适应低频色噪声之后测量，所述低频色噪声沿着颜色空间中的特定方向（例如，LM或S方向）沿着变化，具有和不具有切断。当图形和地面之间的光度和/或几何关系支持透明层的接受时，就会发生切断。将在不同的切割感受条件下比较感知的色移。这些实验的指导下的整体假设，在一个场景中的所有元素并不平等地有助于一个数字的颜色外观，他们的差异影响取决于对象的关系，而不仅仅是retinotopic接近。这些实验将提供有关自然视觉中活跃的颜色感知神经机制的新知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The perceived color of a light can depend strongly on the context in which the light is seen, but previous work oversimplifies the contribution of individual elements within the context by treating all elements of context as the ground in figure/ground segmentation. In natural viewing, most scenes have many objects, some with stronger ties to the focal test object than others. The color appearance of an object may depend on elements with shared properties, but what elements or shared relations are most important have been largely unexplored. The proposed research will develop a more refined understanding of how the various components of context differentially affect color perception. In particular, color appearance changes will be measured with some parts of the ground more strongly linked to the test than other parts. Aim 1 compares color appearance shifts with elements separated in different depth planes. The degree of chromatic induction and chromatic adaptation from stimuli varying in S-cone stimulation will be measured with some elements linked to the figure within the same depth plane and others further removed. Perceived color shifts will be quantified with color matches to the appearance of a test object. The influence of depth will be evaluated by the changes in matches in conditions that vary the chromatic properties of the context at various depths. Aim 2 will explore the degree of chromatic induction with elements linked to the figure by the direction of motion. The hypothesis to be tested is whether context in two-dimensional planar or three- dimensional depth motion will dominate chromatic induction cues when the test is perceived to move in the same direction. Aim 2 will use similar methods as for Aim 1 to quantify perceived color shifts. Aim 3 is concerned with chromatic adaptation mechanisms and their sensitivity to three-dimensional scene representations. Perceived color shifts will be measured following adaptation to low-frequency chromatic noise varying along a particular direction in color space (for example, the LM or S direction), with and without scission. Scission occurs when the photometric and/or geometric relations between the figure and ground support a percept of transparent layers. Perceived color shifts will be compared in conditions that vary the percept of scission. These experiments are guided by the overall hypothesis that all elements within a scene do not contribute equally to the color appearance of a figure, and that their differential influences depend on object relations, not simply retinotopic proximity. The experiments will provide new knowledge about the neural mechanisms of color perception that are active in natural viewing.