Core_plus Option_B_C_Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in a Wisconsin Population

项目总结 流感是发病和死亡的重要原因，接种流感疫苗是关键 预防流感的组成部分。与许多其他感染不同的是，流感病毒 疫苗不断进化，疫苗成分经过修改以适应这些变化。AS 因此，流感疫苗的效果每年都不同，而且可能会因 亚型、抗原匹配和年龄组。临床疫苗效果年度评估 需要评估国家疫苗建议和政策的影响，了解 病毒抗原性变化与临床防护的关系 大流行期间的疫苗评估。疫苗效力的中期、中期估计 对公共卫生机构和医生很有用。为了评估疫苗的有效性，患者 患有急性呼吸道疾病(发烧、发烧或咳嗽)的患者将从预先定义的 流感季节期间的人口队列。注册将在以下时间段或之后进行 门诊部、急诊科或急诊科遇到。大多数注册将在 医疗点，但一些患者将通过电话联系，并在 在收到急性呼吸道疾病诊断的第二天。在获得知情同意后， 鼻咽拭子将使用核酸扩增测试来检测甲型和乙型流感 (RT-PCR)。将对阳性患者进行病毒培养，并将其子集送往疾控中心进行检测。 抗原性表征。流感疫苗接种状态将由经验证的 免疫接种登记处。疫苗有效性将使用病例对照方法进行计算 病例包括RT-PCR确诊为流感的参与者，而对照包括研究 患有非流感呼吸道疾病(RT-PCR阴性)的受试者。将对严重性进行评估 通过获得住院和X光确认的肺炎事件的数据。数据将 提供给疾控中心，用于与其他参与地点的联合分析，包括赛季中期数据 进行有效性的中期分析。对疫苗有效性的单独估计将是 为不同年龄组、每种流感类型/亚型和高危个人计算。 我们将估计接种疫苗中有医疗护理的流感的基于人群的发病率。 以及未接种疫苗的个人。拟议的研究将1)生成数据以支持和 告知医生执业和公共卫生机构关于预防流感的建议， 2)加深对抗原距离及其与临床疫苗关系的认识 有效性，以及3)提供测量VE和研究流感流行病学的平台 在大流行期间。

PROJECT SUMMARY Influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and influenza vaccination is a key component of influenza prevention. Unlike many other infections, influenza viruses are constantly evolving and the vaccine components are modified to account for these changes. As a result, the effectiveness of influenza vaccine varies from year to year, and it can vary by subtype, antigenic match, and age group. Annual assessment of clinical vaccine effectiveness is needed to evaluate the impact of national vaccine recommendations and policies, understand the relationship between antigenic changes in viruses and clinical protection, and prepare for vaccine assessment during a pandemic. Interim, mid-season estimates of vaccine effectiveness are useful for public health agencies and physicians. To estimate vaccine effectiveness, patients with acute respiratory illness (fever, feverishness or cough) will be enrolled from a predefined population cohort during the influenza season. Enrollment will occur during or after an outpatient, urgent care or emergency department encounter. Most enrollments will occur at the point of care, but some patients will be contacted by phone and screened for eligibility on the day after receiving a diagnosis for acute respiratory illness. After obtaining informed consent, nose and throat swabs will be tested for influenza A and B using a nucleic acid amplification test (RT-PCR). Viral cultures will be performed on positives, and a subset will be sent to CDC for antigenic characterization. Influenza immunization status will be determined by a validated immunization registry. Vaccine effectiveness will be calculated using a case control approach where cases include participants with RT-PCR confirmed influenza and controls include study participants with noninfluenza respiratory illness (negative RT-PCR). Severity will be assessed by obtaining data on hospital admissions and x-ray confirmed pneumonia episodes. Data will provided to CDC for combined analyses with other participating sites, including mid-season data for interim analysis of effectiveness. Separate estimates of vaccine effectiveness will be calculated for different age groups, for each influenza type/subtype, and for high risk individuals. We will estimate the population-based attack rate for medically attended influenza in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. The proposed research will 1) generate data to support and inform physician practice and public health agency recommendations for influenza prevention, 2) increase our understanding of antigenic distance and its relationship to clinical vaccine effectiveness, and 3) provide a platform to measure VE and study the epidemiology of influenza during a pandemic.