Psychological predictors of compensatory responses to an exercise intervention

描述（由申请人提供）：大多数寻求减肥的人都将增加体力活动作为体重管理策略的一部分。然而，对许多人来说，增加有组织的锻炼并不能达到预期的减肥效果。能量摄入的补偿性增加和/或非运动性体力活动的减少似乎是限制运动干预有效性的重要因素。对于每个人来说，这些代偿反应的类型和幅度将预测运动对防止体重增加或促进体重减轻以及最终心血管健康的有效性。最近的研究集中在不同人群亚组以及不同强度和持续时间的运动中这些代偿变化的时间和幅度。然而，很少有研究试图确定的特征和性状，预测这些补偿行为的幅度和方向的个体差异。因此，本研究的目的是：1）确定饮食和非运动身体活动的代偿性变化的心理预测因子，以响应启动结构化运动计划; 2）评估饮食和活动变化在总代偿性反应中的相对重要性;和3）评估基线身体成分对能量摄入和支出的代偿性变化的影响。为了实现这些目标，将在120名久坐的绝经前妇女（每种干预措施n=30）的社区样本中进行一项均匀性试验，包括一系列4次相同的8周中等强度步行干预。将在基线时评估已知与其他健康行为（如吸烟、药物滥用）相关的心理特征和性状，并在干预过程中测量能量摄入和能量消耗的代偿性变化。多元回归模型，然后将被用来确定心理和生理因素，解释这些妇女之间的补偿行为的重大个体差异。从这项研究中产生的知识将使该团队能够设计一个更大的体重管理干预试验，以探索一种定制方法的有效性，该方法可以识别并尝试管理体重状况不同的个体之间已识别的心理特征和特质。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Most individuals seeking to lose weight include increasing physical activity as part of their weight management strategy. For many, however, adding structured exercise does not result in the predicted amount of weight loss. Compensatory increases in energy intake and/or decreases in non-exercise physical activity appear to be significant factors limiting the effectiveness of exercise interventions. For each individual, the type and magnitude of these compensatory responses will predict the effectiveness of exercise to prevent weight gain or promote weight loss and, ultimately, cardiovascular health. Recent research has focused on the timing and magnitude of these compensatory changes in different population subgroups and across different intensities and durations of exercise. However, few studies have sought to identify the characteristics and traits that predict individual differences in the magnitude and direction of these compensatory behaviors. Accordingly, this study aims to: 1) identify psychological predictors of compensatory changes in diet and non-exercise physical activity in response to initiating a structured exercise program; 2) assess the relative importance of diet and activity changes in the total compensatory response; and 3) evaluate the influence of baseline body composition on compensatory changes in energy intake and expenditure. To meet these aims, a uniformity trial comprised of a series of four identical 8-week moderate-intensity walking interventions will be conducted in a community-based sample of 120 sedentary, premenopausal women (n=30 for each intervention). Psychological characteristics and traits known to be related to other health behaviors (e.g. smoking, substance abuse) will be assessed at baseline and compensatory changes in energy intake and energy expenditure will be measured over the course of the intervention. Multiple regression modeling will then be used to identify the psychological and physiological factors that explain substantial individual differences in compensatory behaviors among these women. Knowledge generated from this study will position the team to design a larger weight management intervention trial to explore the efficacy of a tailored approach that recognizes and attempts to manage identified psychological characteristics and traits among individuals differing in weight status.