Meta-Analysis of Positive Psychology Interventions for Cancer (MAPPIC)

描述（由申请人提供）：积极心理学结构，如积极影响，意义和目的，以及自我效能感，代表了癌症患者和幸存者固有价值的人类功能领域，与更好的健康结果显著相关，并且与痛苦和功能障碍的影响不同。最近的系统回顾和荟萃分析强调了心理社会干预在减少癌症患者抑郁、疼痛和疲劳等负面影响方面的重要性，但我们缺乏对干预在促进和维持幸福感方面的潜在独特益处的类似分析。随着越来越多的人在癌症中幸存下来，甚至茁壮成长，了解癌症的积极调整和生长是了解癌症预防和控制研究中的损伤、残疾和心理社会发病率的重要补充。本研究的目的是提供一个全面的总结和荟萃分析，以增强积极影响、自我效能、意义和目的作为主要或次要结果的干预措施，并确定那些对癌症患者最有利的干预措施。我们提出三个具体目标：(1)对心理社会干预在促进癌症患者和幸存者的积极心理结果（积极影响、自我效能、意义和目的）方面的有效性进行当前、全面和可靠的评估；(2)确定心理社会干预在促进积极影响、意义和目的以及自我效能方面的效果是否因干预类型（教育或基于技能的方法）而不同；(3)检验干预设计（基于物理治疗证据数据库标准的研究质量）与患者社会人口统计学（性别、年龄、教育程度、种族/民族）之间的关系，作为心理社会干预与积极影响、意义和目的以及自我效能之间关系强度的调节因子。三个研究小组将开发和应用标准化搜索策略，系统地审查四个电子数据库，以确定符合选择标准的随机对照试验。标准化编码方案将应用于每项研究，个体效应大小将被计算和汇总，以比较随机化前后的结果。将进行亚组分析以检验影响的调节因子。结果将确定干预措施的效用，以促进癌症患者和幸存者的积极心理结果，进一步支持积极心理学为基础的干预措施在促进癌症患者更好的健康和福祉方面的重要性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Positive psychology constructs such as positive affect, meaning and purpose, and self-efficacy represent domains of human functioning that are inherently valued by cancer patients and survivors, significantly associated with better health outcomes, and unique from the influence of distress and dysfunction. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses highlight the importance of psychosocial interventions to reduce negative effects such as depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with cancer, but we lack similar analyses of the potential unique benefits of interventions to promote and sustain well-being. As more people survive and even thrive with cancer, understanding positive adjustment and growth in cancer is an important complement to understanding impairment, disability and psychosocial morbidity in cancer prevention and control research. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive summary and meta-analysis of interventions that enhance positive affect, self-efficacy, and meaning and purpose as primary or secondary outcomes and to identify those that have been optimally beneficial for patients with cancer. We propose three specific aims: (1) To obtain, a current, comprehensive, and robust estimate of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to promote positive psychological outcomes (positive affect, self-efficacy, meaning and purpose) among cancer patients and survivors, (2) To determine whether the effects of psychosocial interventions to promote positive affect, meaning and purpose, and self-efficacy differ by the type of intervention (education- or skills-based approaches), (3) To examine the relationship between intervention design (study quality based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database criteria) and patient sociodemographics (sex, age, education, race/ethnicity) as moderators of the strength of the relationship between psychosocial interventions and positive affect, meaning and purpose, and self-efficacy. Three teams of researchers will develop and apply standardized search strategies, systematically reviewing four electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials meeting selection criteria. Standardized coding schemes will be applied to each study, and individual effect sizes will be calculated and pooled to compare pre- and post-randomization outcomes. Subgroup analyses will be performed to examine moderators of effects. Results will identify the utility of interventions to promote positie psychological outcomes among cancer patients and survivors, advancing support for the importance of positive psychology-based interventions in promoting better health and well-being among patients with cancer.