Links between perceived discrimination, substance use, and sexual risk among Afri

描述(由申请者提供)：与全国平均水平相比，城市背景下的非裔美国人(AA)青少年的心理健康水平差距很大，他们在青少年司法系统中的比例过高。少年犯的精神健康障碍(JO)是社区样本的三倍，但缓刑JO不太可能接受治疗。与未犯罪的青少年相比，JO报告的性行为、吸毒和酗酒的风险更高，性传播感染检测呈阳性的可能性更大，这加剧了负面结果。戒酒协会男性不成比例地参与青少年司法系统，特别容易受到 压力和糟糕的健康结果。这项研究将侧重于男性，因为在青少年司法系统中，男性压倒性地超过了女性，特别是有色人种男性。社会决定因素，如种族歧视，可能对身心健康产生负面影响。然而，被感知到的歧视对青少年罪犯心理健康结果的影响还没有被很好地理解。关于青少年罪犯感知到的歧视和其他类型的问题行为(吸毒和危险的性行为)的研究几乎是不存在的。此外，在涉及少数民族青年的预防和干预方案中，很少涉及感知到的歧视的作用。对社会应激源，如感知到的歧视，缺乏了解，可能会导致对再生障碍性贫血缺乏持续的预防和干预效果。这项对次要数据的分析将检验芝加哥非裔美国男性少年犯中感知到的歧视对商业(心理健康、药物使用和危险的性行为)和积极发展(自尊和社交能力)的影响，这些人参加了旨在减少芝加哥JO的危险性行为和物质使用的更大干预研究(R01MD005861；Donenberg，PI)。这项拟议的研究将使用一个了解文化的理论框架，研究AA男性JO的复原力是如何发生的，即性情和特定事件应对的保护和促进价值，以及文化资源(例如，族裔-种族认同)对调整的保护和促进价值。对复原力的研究对于了解这些年轻人的发展轨迹可能会如何改变至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): African American (AA) adolescents in an urban context experience significant mental health disparities compared to the national average, and they are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system. Mental health disorders among juvenile offenders (JO) are three times higher than community samples, yet JO on probation are unlikely to receive treatment. Exacerbating negative outcomes, JO report more risky sexual behavior, drug and alcohol use, and are more likely to test positive for STIs than non-offending youth. AA males are disproportionately involved in the juvenile justice system and particularly vulnerable to stress and poor health outcomes. This study will focus on males given that males overwhelmingly outnumber females in the juvenile justice system, especially males of color. Societal determinants, such racial discrimination, can negatively impact mental and physical health. However, the impact of perceived discrimination on young offenders' mental health outcomes is not well understood. Studies on perceived discrimination and other types of problem behaviors among youth offenders (substance use and risky sexual behavior) are virtually nonexistent. Moreover, the role of perceived discrimination is rarely addressed in prevention and intervention programs involving ethnic minority youth. Poor understanding of social stressors, such as perceived discrimination, may contribute to the lack of sustained prevention and intervention effects for AA JO. This analysis of secondary data will examine the impact of perceived discrimination on comorbity (mental health, substance use, and risky sexual behavior), and positive development (self-esteem and social competence) among African American male juvenile offenders in Chicago who participated in larger intervention study designed to reduce risky sexual behavior and substance use among JO in Chicago (R01MD005861; Donenberg, PI). Using a culturally informed theoretical framework, the proposed study will examine how resilience transpires among AA male JO, namely the protective and promotive value of both dispositional and event-specific coping and the protective and promotive value of cultural resources (e.g., ethnic-racial identity) on adjustment. Research on resilience is essential to understanding how these young men's developmental trajectories may be changed.