Fear and licensing in Australia: Investigating the social licence to operate of an emerging coal seam gas industry

澳大利亚新生的煤层气（CSG）工业是社会紧张局势的根源。对一些人来说，该行业可以改变和保护国家能源来源，并推动亚洲出口的蓬勃发展。对其他人来说，它既破坏环境又破坏社区。当地的抗议活动和监管禁令生动地表达了这种紧张关系。社区、矿业公司和政府援引“社会经营许可证"作为行业生存的基础。这个具有里程碑意义的项目探讨了在澳大利亚CSG行业运营的社会许可证的概念，以梳理公司，农村和区域澳大利亚社区与政府之间的动态风险，机会和紧张关系，并提供政策和实践建议。

Australia’s nascent coal seam gas (CSG) industry is the site of substantial social tension. For some the industry can transform and safeguard national energy sources and fuel booming Asian exports. For others it damages both the environment and communities. This tension is vividly expressed by local protests and regulatory bans. Communities, mining companies and government invoke a 'social licence to operate' as fundamental to industry viability. This landmark project explores the concept of a social licence to operate in Australia's CSG industry to tease apart the dynamic risks, opportunities and tensions at work between corporations, rural and regional Australian communities and government, and offers policy and practice recommendations.