Piperidines via C-H Activation: An Efficient Route to a Ubiquitous Pharmacophore

描述（由申请人提供）：药剂是各种疾病的标准治疗方法。低成本，易于管理和有效性使药物成为一种近乎理想的预防或治疗形式。令人遗憾的是，这些药物大多来自全球有限的石油供应。因此，需要更可持续的制药方法。该提议旨在开发一种新的化学反应，通过活化惰性的C-H键来合成取代的哌啶环。由于其在FDA批准的药物中的频率，包括多奈哌齐（阿尔茨海默氏症），苯扎托品（帕金森氏症），芬太尼（疼痛）和阿司咪唑（过敏），因此阿司咪唑是这项工作的重点。由于它们是几乎所有有机分子所共有的，因此C-H键的直接官能化是获得制造药物所需的复杂分子的快速有效的方法。为了活化C-H键，该提议旨在通过PdII/PdIV催化循环利用Pd催化。该建议通过直接利用哌啶氮的孤对电子避免了使用过量添加的导向基团。完成拟议的研究应有助于更经济和可持续的方法来合成含哌啶的药物。该提案还旨在使用绿色制造指标量化这项工作和其他工作的效率收益。这种量化应提供一个基准，使药物合成可持续的进展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pharmaceutical agents are a standard treatment for a variety of ailments. The low cost, ease of administration, and efficacy make drugs a near ideal form of prevention or treatment. Regretfully, most of these medications are derived from limited global supplies of petroleum. For this reason, more sustainable methods of manufacturing pharmaceuticals are needed. This proposal aims to develop a novel chemical reaction to synthesize substituted piperidine rings via the activation of otherwise inert C-H bonds. Piperidines are the focus of this work because of their frequency in FDA approved drugs including donepezil (Alzheimer's), benzatropine (Parkinson's), fentanyl (pain), and astemizole (allergies). Because they are common to nearly all organic molecules, the direct functionalization of C-H bonds is a rapid and efficient way to obtain the complex molecules needed to make pharmaceuticals. To activate C-H bonds, this proposal aims to utilize Pd catalysis via a PdII/PdIV catalytic cycle. This proposal avoids the use of superfluously added directing groups by taking direct advantage of the piperidine nitrogen's lone pair electrons. Completion of the proposed research should facilitate a more economical and sustainable method to synthesize piperidine containing pharmaceuticals. This proposal also aims to quantify the efficiency gains of this and other work using green manufacturing metrics. This quantification should provide a benchmark in progress towards making pharmaceutical synthesis sustainable.