Modifying the Workplace to Decrease Sedentary Behaviour and Improve Health.

描述(由申请人提供)：长期坐在工作场所会增加健康问题的风险，包括心脏代谢疾病和死亡率。减少工作场所久坐行为的一种新方法是使用跑步机和坐到站的工作站来修改工作空间。这些工作站允许久坐的办公室员工在同时执行工作时，用缓慢的行走和/或站立来取代坐着的时间。然而，关于在工作场所使用跑步机和坐立工作台对健康有益的经验证据有限。长期目标是减少上班族的久坐行为，改善整体健康状况。该应用程序的目的是确定使用跑步机和坐立工作台减少工作场所久坐行为对超重上班族健康的影响，这些上班族是慢性心血管和代谢性疾病的高危人群。中心假设是，使用这些工作站减少工作场所的久坐行为将改善研究参与者的整体健康。这一假设是基于申请者的初步发现：久坐不动的超重上班族在跑步机上工作9个月可以改善心血管和代谢健康。中心假设将通过两个具体目标进行检验：(1)进行为期12个月的整群随机试验，采用意向治疗设计，以确定使用跑步机和SITE的效果 (2)比较跑步机和坐立式工作台在减少工作场所久坐行为方面的效果。对于目标1，将通过测量体重、心血管和代谢健康变量(血流动力学、血液生物标记物和身体成分)、肌肉骨骼不适、心理影响和工作压力的变化来检查使用这些工作站的效果。对于目标2，将使用可穿戴的非侵入性加速度传感器来测量坐着、站立和行走时间的变化。这种方法是创新的，因为这项研究的目的是通过雇主的支持、测量对久坐行为变化敏感的健康变量以及使用先进的传感器来最大化干预措施的收益，先进的传感器可以准确地测量久坐行为，并为打破长时间坐着提供实时反馈。该项目的一个重要成果可能是制定基于证据的战略和建议，以改善办公室环境，减少工作场所的久坐行为。工作场所久坐行为减少的一个重要结果可能是上班族慢性病的减少。这些潜在的产出和结果符合NIOSH的R2P：从研究到实践的倡议，该倡议旨在将NIOSH产生的知识和干预措施转化为预防和消除职业病。该项目将通过整合工作环境、雇主和员工来促进工人的整体健康，以满足Nora的“全面员工健康”倡议。该应用程序也与NIOSH的“通过设计预防”项目组合相关，该项目旨在为工作环境改造能够预防疾病的设备。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Continuous sitting at the workplace increases the risk health problems including cardio-metabolic diseases and mortality. A novel way to reduce workplace sedentary behavior is to modify the workspace using treadmill and sit-to-stand workstations. These workstations allow sedentary office workers to replace sitting time with slow walking and/or standing while simultaneously performing work. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the health benefits of using treadmill and sit-to-stand workstations at the workplace. The long-term goal is to decrease sedentary behavior in office workers and improve overall health. The objective of this application is to determine the effects of decreasing workplace sedentary behavior using treadmill and sit-to-stand workstations on the health of overweight office workers, who are at high risk for chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The central hypothesis is that decreasing workplace sedentary behavior using these workstations will improve overall health in study participants. This hypothesis is based on preliminary findings from the applicants' where sedentary overweight office workers using treadmill workstations for 9-months improved cardiovascular and metabolic health. The central hypothesis will be tested through two specific aims: (1) To conduct a 12-month, cluster-randomized trial with an intent-to-treat design to determine the effects of using treadmill and sit to-stand workstations at the workplace on health variables in overweight office workers (N=66) with seated desk jobs and (2) to compare the efficacies of treadmill and sit-to-stand workstations in decreasing workplace sedentary behavior. For aim 1, the effects of using these workstations will be examined by measuring changes in weight, cardiovascular and metabolic health variables (blood flow hemodynamics, blood biomarkers, and body composition), musculoskeletal discomfort, psychological affect and job stress. For aim 2, change in time spent sitting, standing and walking will be measured using wearable non-invasive acceleration sensors. The approach is innovative because the study aims to maximize the gains from the interventions through employer support, measurement of health variables sensitive to change in sedentary behavior and the use of advanced sensors, which accurately measures sedentary behavior and also provides real-time feedback to break prolonged sitting. A significant output of this project may be the development of evidence-based strategies and recommendations that modify the office environment to decrease workplace sedentary behavior. A significant outcome of decreasing workplace sedentary behavior may be a decrease in chronic illness in office workers. These potential outputs and outcomes are in line with NIOSH's r2p: Research to Practice' initiative, which aims to translate NIOSH-generated knowledge and interventions to prevent and eliminate occupational illness. This project will address the NORA's Total Worker Health" Initiative by integrating the work environment, employer and employee to promote overall worker health. This application is also pertinent to NIOSH's Prevention through Design program portfolio aiming to retrofit work environments with equipment that can prevent illness.