Anterograde monosynaptic tracing

 描述（由申请人提供）：使用狂犬病病毒的单突触追踪已成为系统神经科学工具包的标准组件，允许识别和操纵直接突触前神经元到大脑中的任何目标神经元群体。然而，虽然这种逆行单突触追踪系统现在已经很好地建立起来，但从未构建过顺行对应物，其将允许识别和操纵直接突触后至靶细胞群的神经元。在这里，我们建议，以满足这一重要的突出的需求，多管齐下，分层的策略，旨在确保至少一个顺行单突触跟踪系统的领域，并可能有几个这样的系统，不同层次的易用性，功率和复杂性。我们任何一个目标的成功都将为神经科学提供一种变革性的新工具，用于理解和操纵包括啮齿动物和灵长类动物在内的许多物种的整个大脑的神经回路。我们所有目标的实现将为系统神经科学家提供一系列通用而强大的技术，允许一系列新的实验设计，这些设计可能会迅速产生对神经元回路组织的重要见解，以及正常认知和行为的生物学基础，以及神经和精神障碍的功能障碍。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Monosynaptic tracing using rabies virus has become a standard component of the systems neuroscience toolkit, allowing identification and manipulation of neurons directly presynaptic to any targeted neuronal population in the brain. However, while this retrograde monosynaptic tracing system is now well established, an anterograde counterpart, which would allow identification and manipulation of neurons directly postsynaptic to a target cell group, has never been constructed. Here we propose to meet this important outstanding need, with a multipronged and tiered strategy designed to ensure the delivery of at least one anterograde monosynaptic tracing system to the field, and possibly of several such systems, of differing levels of ease of use, power, and sophistication. Success of any of our aims will provide neuroscience with a transformative new tool for understanding and manipulating neural circuits throughout the brain, in many species including rodents and primates. Achievement of all of our aims will provide a versatile and powerful array of techniques to systems neuroscientists, allowing a broad set of new experimental designs that are likely to quickly yield major insights into the organization of neuronal circuits and the biological bases of normal cognition and behavior and the dysfunctions underlying neurological and mental disorders.