Measurement of nicotine dependence among adolescent & young adult cigarillo users

描述（由申请人提供）：2000年至2012年间，雪茄、小雪茄和小雪茄（CCLC）的使用量增加了124%。青少年和年轻人是最普遍的使用者。在一些州和城市学区，包括俄亥俄州的克利夫兰，青少年中使用CCLC的人数现在超过了香烟的使用。尽管青少年使用CCLC的人数有所增加，但在这些产品的使用者中，对潜在尼古丁依赖（ND）的关注在很大程度上被忽视了。最近的证据表明，CCLC的使用者在吸烟时确实会吸入，而且与香烟相比，CCLC产品含有的高度上瘾的化学物质尼古丁即使不是更多，也是一样多。因此，评估CCLC使用者的ND是告知这些产品在多大程度上对使用者造成伤害的重要步骤，因此，应该受到与卷烟相同的监管。使用方式以及身体接受尼古丁的速度和方法因烟草制品而异；正因为如此，Fagerstrom和他的同事们建议，需要针对特定产品采取措施，以更准确地评估用户中的ND水平。据我们所知，没有针对CCLC用户的ND测量方法，也没有为此目的创建新的测量方法。这代表了研究中的一个重大差距，我们旨在通过建立一种与青少年和年轻成人CCLC使用者相关、有效和可靠的ND症状测量来解决这一问题。使用一系列严格的方法，包括定性深度访谈，Rasch模型用于测量开发，以及调查和生物标志物数据，拟议的项目将有助于可靠和有效地测量CCLC用户的ND。最终的CCLC ND测量将使用青少年风险行为调查（YRBS）对大量青少年样本进行管理，以评估CCLC使用者中ND症状的患病率。本研究的结果将指导有关适当实施和CCLC产品监管范围的决策，该监管与卷烟平行，涉及警告标签、有害成分报告以及已被证明影响青少年获取和消费烟草项目的其他方面的监管，包括包装和产品植入销售。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Between 2000 and 2012 cigar, cigarillo, and little cigar (CCLC) use has increased 124%. Adolescents and young adults are the most prevalent users. For some states and urban school districts, including Cleveland, Ohio, the use of CCLC among adolescents now exceeds the use of cigarettes. Despite the increase in CCLC use among youth, attention to potential nicotine dependence (ND) among users of these products has been largely ignored. Recent evidence shows that users of CCLC do inhale when smoking and that, when compared to cigarettes, CCLC products contain as much if not more of the highly addictive chemical nicotine. Therefore, assessing ND among CCLC users is an important step to inform the extent to which these products are causing harm among users and thus, should be subjected to the same regulations as cigarettes. Patterns of use and the speed and method with which nicotine is physically received differ by tobacco product; because of this Fagerstrom and colleagues suggest that product-specific measures are needed to more precisely assess the level of ND among users. To our knowledge no measure of ND has been adapted for CCLC users nor has there been a new measure created for this purpose. This represents a significant gap in research we aim to address by establishing a measure of ND symptoms that is relevant, valid and reliable for adolescents and young adult CCLC users. Using an array of rigorous methods including qualitative in-depth interviews, Rasch modeling for measure development, and survey and biomarker data, the proposed project will contribute to the reliable and valid measurement of ND among CCLC users. The final CCLC ND measure will be administered to large samples of adolescents using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to assess the prevalence of ND symptoms among CCLC users. The findings from this study will guide decisions regarding the appropriate implementation and scope of CCLC product regulation that is parallel to cigarettes with regard to warning labels, harmful constituent reporting, and regulation of other aspects that have been shown to influence youth access to and consumption of tobacco projects including packaging and product placement for sale.