Parent-Child Processes Affecting Long Term Post-Disaster Psychosocial Adjustment

描述（由申请人提供）：世界上平均每天发生一次灾害。作为创伤性事件，由于其破坏性、高影响程度、恐怖和恐怖场景的产生、不受欢迎和无法控制的事件以及对社会和物理环境的长期改变，它们是潜在的强大压力源。与灾害有关的痛苦和生活中断，即使是一年或更短的时间，也可能对儿童产生负面影响。灾后父母调整影响儿童心理社会适应；然而，亲子之间互动的社会认知、应对和沟通过程还有待进一步研究。这些过程可能是灾后儿童心理社会适应的中介，其结果可以指导以儿童和家庭为重点的干预措施的发展。本研究的目的在于：(1)了解父母与青少年灾后社会认知与应对过程的关系及其对青少年心理社会适应的影响；(2)探讨灾后亲子沟通过程对青少年心理社会适应的正向和负向影响。我们将特别探讨父母和孩子适应彼此之间的相互依赖性。我们将在两年的恢复期内对410对受2012年和2013年夏季科罗拉多州科罗拉多斯普林斯野火影响的父母和青少年（11-17岁）进行三次调查。这些野火加在一起，威胁着该州人口第二多的城市，导致6.5万人撤离，4人死亡，约850所房屋损失。我们将使用基于互联网的调查，询问父母和青少年的野火暴露，灾难后的生活压力源，心理健康，共生，社会认知，情绪调节，沟通模式，共同应对和亲子关系。潜在的参与者将被引导到一个招募网站或1-800电话号码进行研究。他们将获得一份研究说明、同意书，并被要求提供联系信息、基本人口统计数据和关于野火暴露的简短筛选问题。在没有回应的情况下，将建立一个潜在参与者的数据库，其中包含潜在的“复制”参与者。将联系受影响地区人口统计数据的第一个样本代表，并为每个潜在参与者提供适当调查的个性化URL。将为父母和青少年分配唯一但相互关联的标识符，以保护机密性，同时实现数据的纵向跟踪和配对。采用平行过程生长混合模型分析灾后父母与儿童心理社会适应的关系。这个复杂的统计模型同时模拟了父母和孩子的心理结果，以及他们在灾难发生后是如何共同展开的，同时考虑了每个人可能出现的轨迹差异。这个模型是两个生长混合模型的组合，一个是父母的，一个是孩子的。研究结果可以指导公共卫生应对工作，为灾后指导方针和服务提供经验信息，帮助父母帮助子女。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Disasters occur once a day on average in the world. As traumatic events, they are potentially strong stressors due to their disruptive nature, high extent of impact, production of terror and horror scenes, undesirable and uncontrollable occurrences, and prolonged alterations in the social and physical environment. Disaster-related distress and life disruption of even a year or less may negatively affect children. Parental adjustment after a disaster impacts child psychosocial adjustment; however, the social cognitive, coping, and communication processes that interact between parents and children need further study. These processes may be the mediators of post-disaster child psychosocial adjustment, and results can guide the development of child- and family-focused interventions. The aims of this study are to: (1) understand the relations between the post- disaster social cognitive and coping processes of parents and youth over time and how this influences youth psychosocial adjustment; (2) examine what parent-child communicative processes positively and negatively affect youth psychosocial adjustment following a disaster. We will specifically explore the interdependence that parent and child adjustment has on one another. We will survey 410 sets of parents and youth (age 11-17 years) affected by the summer, 2012 and 2013, wildfires in Colorado Springs, CO, three times over a two-year recovery period. In combination, these wildfires threatened the state's second most populated city resulting in the evacuation of 65,000 people, four deaths, and the loss of around 850 homes. We will use internet-based surveys to ask parents and youth about their wildfire exposure, life stressors since the disaster, mental health, covitality, social cognitions, emotion regulation, communication patterns, communal coping, and parent-child relationship. Potential participants will be directed to a recruitment website or 1-800 phone numbers for the study. They will be given a study description, consent forms, and will be asked to provide contact information, basic demographics, and brief screening questions on exposure to the wildfires. A database of potential participants will be set up with potential "replicate" participants in case of non-response. A first sample representative of the demographics of the affected area will be contacted and each potential participant will be provided with an individualized URL for the appropriate survey. Unique, but linked, identifiers will be assigned to parents and youth to protect confidentiality while enabling longitudinal tracking and pairing of data. The relationship between parent and child psychosocial adjustment post-disaster will be analyzed using a parallel process growth mixture model. This complex statistical model simultaneously models the parent and child psychological outcomes and how they unfold together after a disaster, while accounting for trajectory differences that may occur in each one. This model is a combination of two Growth Mixture Models, one for the parents and one for the child. Results can guide public health response in terms of empirically informing post-disaster guidelines and services to help parents help their children.