Neuromodulation of Motivated Cognition and Decision Making Across Adulthood

项目总结/摘要 这个独立之路奖的目标是扩大知识基础，方法论 专业知识和理论发展技能的候选人，因为他从博士后实习生过渡到 一位专注于衰老的决策神经科学的独立科学家。大量的行为研究表明， 老年心理学揭示了认知和动机在生命周期中的变化。许多著名 认知老化的理论集中在神经调节的变化上，特别关注 神经递质多巴胺（DA）。然而，DA不仅与认知功能的变化有关，而且还与 在激励中起着重要的作用。然而，与年龄相关的DA功能变化与 动机因素的研究很少。初始K99指导阶段的目标是开始检查 动机和认知之间的相互作用在整个成年期，增加候选人的知识基础 多巴胺系统，获得计算建模的经验，并扩展候选人的专业知识 进行了多种成像测量。为了实现这些目标，候选人将进行多模式协作 成像项目的重点是阐明DA功能和自我调节之间的联系（R21-DA 033611）。的 项目将包括行为和功能磁共振成像抑制控制措施，以及PET措施的受体 在一组健康成年人的大脑中的可用性。所有参与者将完成两个行为任务， 捕捉动机认知控制的不同方面，并参与不同的，尽管重叠的神经网络。 候选人将开始延长这条线的工作以及他以前的工作对年龄差异的决定 本研究采用横断面研究的方法，对K99儿童动机性认知和决策的年龄差异进行了研究。 相位拟议的R 00项目将研究动机认知控制和决策之间的关系 成年期（20-80岁）。除了PET扫描，受试者将完成行为任务， 接受功能磁共振成像来评估奖赏处理和抑制控制。参与者还将完成一个完整的 认知和动机个体差异测量，激励相容的行为 经济学任务，以及健康和退休研究（HRS）调查的子集。该项目还将 作为纵向多模态成像协议开发的基础研究。统称 该项目的指导和独立阶段将提供一个框架， 综合和全面的人类衰老理论，包括神经科学理论的作用， DA在认知和动机中的作用与衰老的心理学理论相结合。一个长期的目标， 候选人的职业生涯是发展一个计算信息和神经生物学特定的理论，激励 认知在成人发育和衰老中的作用。通过这一机制提供的支持将大大增加 候选人获得R 01的可能性，以支持早期纵向多模态成像研究 职业生涯的阶段，否则可能。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this Pathway to Independence Award is to expand the base of knowledge, methodological expertise, and theoretical development skills of the candidate as he transitions from a post-doctoral trainee to an independent scientist focused on the decision neuroscience of aging. A wealth of behavioral research on the psychology of aging reveals change over the life span in both cognition and motivation. Many prominent theories of cognitive aging are centered on changes in neuromodulation, focusing specifically on the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). However, DA is not only implicated in variability in cognitive function, but also plays an important role in motivation. Yet, the relation between age-related changes in DA functioning and motivational factors has received little study. The goal of the initial K99 mentored phase is to begin to examine interactions between motivation and cognition across adulthood, increase the candidate's base of knowledge of the dopamine system, gain experience with computational modeling, and expand the candidate's expertise with multiple imaging measures. To achieve these goals, the candidate will conduct a collaborative multimodal imaging project focused on clarifying the link between DA functioning and self regulation (R21-DA033611). The project will include behavioral and fMRI measures of inhibitory control as well as PET measures of receptor availability across the brain in a group of healthy adults. All participants will complete two behavioral tasks that capture distinct aspects of motivated cognitive control and engage distinct, albeit overlapping neural networks. The candidate will begin to extend this line of work as well as his previous work on age differences in decision making into a cross-sectional study of age differences in motivated cognition and decision making in this K99 phase. The proposed R00 project will examine relationships between motivated cognitive control and decision making across adulthood (ages 20-80). In addition to a PET scan, subjects will complete behavioral tasks while undergoing fMRI that assess reward processing and inhibitory control. Participants will also complete a full battery of cognitive and motivational individual difference measures, incentive-compatible behavioral economics tasks, as well as a subset of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) survey. This project will also serve as a foundational study for the development of a longitudinal multi-modal imaging protocol. Together, the mentored and independent phases of this project will provide a framework toward developing a more integrative and comprehensive theory of human aging that incorporates neuroscientific theories of the role of DA function for cognition and motivation with psychological theories of aging. A long-term goal of the candidate's career is to develop a computationally-informed and neurobiologically-specific theory of motivated cognition across adult development and aging. Support through this mechanism will greatly increase the likelihood of the candidate's obtaining an R01 to support a longitudinal multimodal imaging study at an earlier career stage than otherwise possible.