Neural Mechanisms of a Parent-Focused Mindfulness Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Substance Use

项目摘要 NIDA呼吁制定针对发展的预防方案，以加强 保护因素和减少青少年物质使用开始的风险因素的实证研究结果的基础上。家庭 诸如父母的压力、父母与青少年的关系以及父母的行为等因素与青少年的行为密切相关。 在青春期开始使用药物。因此，养育子女和家庭环境是 青少年药物使用预防。新的研究表明，父母的干预措施， 正念训练可以减轻父母的压力，改善父母的行为，增加家庭纽带， 影响青少年物质使用。尽管这些干预措施大有希望，但人们对这些措施知之甚少。 父母为中心的正念干预的机制-知识是关键， 最大限度地发挥干预作用。值得注意的是，正念训练的好处被认为在很大程度上起作用， 部分是通过神经功能的变化，特别是在与情绪有关的大脑区域。因此，拟议的研究 将通过功能磁共振成像研究父母专注于正念干预的情绪相关神经机制， 长期目标是确定以家长为重点的干预措施的主要机制， 物质使用。为此，具体目标有三个方面。首先，使用一个8- 本研究以家长为中心的正念干预和3个阶段的家长教育控制为研究对象， 将使用功能磁共振成像技术研究父母对负面情绪刺激的神经激活变化。第二，父母的 神经功能连接将在干预前和干预后使用先验和高级数据进行评估- 驱动分析。第三，拟议的研究将独特地检查父母神经功能之间的关联， 父母压力、父母教养行为和青少年物质使用行为同时存在。 在6个月和1年随访时间点进行干预和纵向观察。通过评估与情绪有关的 神经机制使用功能磁共振成像，拟议的研究将有助于正念的经验知识 干预效果和神经变化与父母为中心的正念训练。等 理解将有助于通知的发展，完善，并有效地实施家长为重点的 以预防和减少青少年吸毒风险为目标的干预措施。拟议研究的目标 将在一个研究培训计划内完成，旨在发展情感方面的多学科专业知识。 神经科学、干预科学和物质使用的发展模型。培训计划包括 完成相关课程;参加有针对性的讲习班; 干预，发展和神经科学领域;和科学写作和演示经验。

Project Summary NIDA has called for the development of prevention programs developmentally-tailored to enhance protective factors and reduce risk factors for youth substance use initiation based on empirical findings. Family factors—such as parental stress, the parent-adolescent bond, and caregiving behaviors—are highly related to substance use initiation in adolescence. Thus, parenting and the family environment are critical targets for adolescent substance use prevention. Emerging studies have shown parenting interventions involving mindfulness training can reduce parent stress, improve parenting behaviors, increase family bonding, and may affect adolescent substance use. Despite the promise of such interventions, little is known about the mechanisms underlying parent-focused mindfulness interventions—knowledge which is key to refine and maximize intervention effects. Notably, the benefits of mindfulness training are considered to function largely in part through changes in neural function, particularly in emotion-related brain regions. Thus, the proposed study will investigate emotion-related neural mechanisms of a parent-focused mindfulness intervention via fMRI, with the long-term goal of identifying key mechanisms of parent-focused interventions aimed to prevent youth substance use. To that end, the specific aims are threefold. First, using a pre/post intervention design of an 8- session parent-focused mindfulness intervention and 3-session parent education control, the proposed study will examine changes in parents' neural activation to negative emotional stimuli using fMRI. Second, parents' neural functional connectivity will be evaluated at pre- and post-intervention using a priori and advanced data- driven analyses. Third, the proposed study will uniquely examine associations between parent neural function and parent stress, parenting behaviors, and adolescent substance use behaviors concurrently at post- intervention and longitudinally at 6-month and 1-year follow-up time points. By evaluating emotion-related neural mechanisms using fMRI, the proposed study will contribute to the empirical knowledge of mindfulness intervention effects and of neural changes associated with parent-focused mindfulness training. Such understanding will help inform the development, refinement, and effective implementation of parent-focused interventions targeted to prevent and reduce the risk of youth substance use. The goals of the proposed study will be accomplished within a research training plan aimed at developing multidisciplinary expertise in affective neuroscience, intervention science, and developmental models of substance use. The training plan includes completion of relevant coursework; attendance at targeted workshops; individual mentorship by experts in the field of intervention, developmental, and neuroscience; and scientific writing and presentation experience.