Ecological analyses of physical activity correlates

 描述(申请人提供)：在世界范围内，大约31%的成年人和80%的青少年(13-15岁)缺乏身体活动。1在各个国家，甚至在国家内部，身体不活动的流行率存在差异。1 2在美国，妇女和种族/民族的比例最高。3造成这些差异的原因不明，但研究表明，身体活动(PA)受到个人-的因素的影响，这是健康行为的生态模型所假定的。到目前为止，对PA的大多数生态学研究都集中在单一影响水平上的因素之间的关联，而很少有测试跨水平的交互作用(例如，在社会和环境水平上的因素之间的相互作用)。不同环境和人群中的跨水平相互作用的证据可能有助于解释在环境因素和PA之间的关联中观察到的一些差异。此外，尽管用于增加PA的多水平干预措施变得越来越可用，但很少有研究检查通过改变目标环境结构而产生的干预中介效应。使用纵向数据的中介分析有助于加深对多水平干预背景下PA行为变化机制的理解。拟议的研究可以帮助解决前述PA研究中的知识差距。分析将使用从成年人中收集的数据，这些数据来自“国际体力活动流行度研究”、美国青少年在“青少年环境和邻里关系”研究中的数据，以及参与PA多层次干预的一群拉丁裔女性--“行动中的信仰”。具体目的是：1)评估社会人口和感知环境因素对报告的城市成年人总PA的交互作用；2)测试心理社会因素和客观评估的环境因素对美国青少年报告的积极往返学校和社区休闲时间PA的交互作用；3)检验多水平干预对感知环境结构的影响，以及这些结构的变化是否预测在干预后12个月和24个月拉丁裔人的加速计评估和报告的休闲时间中等到剧烈的PA的变化。拟议的具体目标与国家癌症研究所(NCI)的目标一致，并涉及NCI在癌症预防、基于人口的研究和环境流行病学方面的工作范围。为了完成拟议的研究，申请者将执行一项培训计划，以增强其在健康行为理论和研究、体力活动流行病学和癌症预防研究、研究设计和数据分析以及广泛的建筑环境措施方面的知识和技能。申请者将在加州大学圣地亚哥分校和圣地亚哥州立大学资源丰富的环境中，在一个专门的指导团队的支持下进行拟议的研究。成功完成这项奖学金后，申请者将做好充分准备，以实现她成为PA推广和癌症预防方面的独立研究员的长期目标。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Worldwide, approximately 31% of adults and 80% of adolescents (13-15 years of age) are physically inactive.1 Across countries and even within countries, disparities exist in the prevalence of physical inactivity.1,2 In the US, rates are highest among women and racial/ethnic minorities.3 Reasons for these disparities are unknown but studies show that physical activity (PA) is influenced by factors at the individual-, social-, and environmental-levels, as posited by ecological models of health behavior4. To date, most ecological studies of PA have focused on associations of factors at a single level of influence, while few have tested interactions across levels (e.g., between factors at the social- and environmental-levels). Evidence of cross-level interactions in diverse settings and populations may help explain some of the variations observed in the associations between environmental factors and PA. Furthermore, while multilevel interventions for increasing PA are becoming more available, few studies have examined intervention-mediated effects via changes to targeted environmental constructs. Mediation analyses using longitudinal data can help advance understanding of mechanisms of PA behavior change in the context of a multilevel intervention. The proposed research can help address the aforementioned knowledge gaps in PA research. Analyses will use data collected among adults in the "International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity," US adolescents in the "Teen Environment and Neighborhood" study, and a cohort of Latina women participating in a PA multilevel intervention - "Faith in Action." The Specific Aims are to: 1) Assess interactions between socio-demographic and perceived environmental factors on reported total PA among an international sample of urban adults; 2) Test interactions between psychosocial and objectively-assessed environmental factors on reported active travel to/from school and neighborhood leisure-time PA among US adolescents; and 3) Examine the effects of a multilevel intervention on perceived environmental constructs and whether changes to these constructs predict changes in Latinas' accelerometer-assessed and reported leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous PA at 12- and 24-months post-intervention. The proposed Specific Aims are consistent with the goals of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and relate to NCI's scope of work in cancer prevention population-based research and environmental epidemiology. To accomplish the proposed research, the applicant will execute a training plan that enhances her knowledge and skills in health behavior theories and research, physical activity epidemiology and cancer prevention research, study design and data analyses, and a wide range of built environment measures. The applicant will conduct the proposed research with support from a dedicated mentorship team in a resource-rich environment at the University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University. Upon successful completion of this fellowship, the applicant will be well prepared to meet her long- term goals of becoming an independent researcher in PA promotion and cancer prevention.