Molecular Control of Meiotic Chromosome Dynamics

项目摘要/摘要 有性生殖有机体依赖于减数分裂，这是一种产生单倍体配子的特殊细胞分裂 例如精子和卵子，通过受精恢复受精卵的遗传含量。此过程中的错误 导致产生染色体数目异常或非整倍体的后代，这是一个主要的 导致人类流产和先天缺陷的原因，如唐氏综合症。准确的隔离 在减数分裂过程中，染色体需要配对、突触并与其进行交叉重组 同系物。尽管几十年来的遗传学研究已经确定了一系列蛋白质，这些蛋白质是 减数分裂过程，很大程度上仍不清楚这些蛋白质机器是如何共同协调的 染色体动力学。我的研究计划将通过将这些基本过程与 使用纯化成分的生化和结构分析，具有检查减数分裂的能力 高度易驯化的线虫种系的背景。在减数分裂早期，染色体发生了戏剧性的重组 进入与蛋白质轴相连的染色质环阵列，这对所有主要的减数分裂都是必不可少的 活动

Project Summary/Abstract Sexually reproducing organisms rely on meiosis, a specialized cell division that produces haploid gametes such as sperm and eggs, to restore the genetic content of the zygote through fertilization. Errors in this process lead to the production of offspring with an abnormal number of chromosomes or aneuploidy, and this is a major cause of human miscarriages and birth defects such as Down syndrome. Accurate segregation of chromosomes during meiosis requires that they pair, synapse, and undergo crossover recombination with their homologs. Although genetic studies over the decades have identified a list of proteins that are essential for meiotic processes, it remains largely unknown how these protein machines work together to orchestrate chromosome dynamics. My research program will investigate these fundamental processes by combining biochemical and structural analysis using purified components, with the ability to examine meiosis in the context of highly tractable C. elegans germline. Early in meiosis, chromosomes are dramatically reorganized into arrays of chromatin loops tethered to a proteinaceous axis, and this is essential for all major meiotic events