Self-Regulation and Brain and Cognitive Health in Older Adults

总结 典型的老年人经历大脑结构和认知功能的下降，但这些下降意味着 发生在非常不同的个人轨迹的背景下。该项目的目的是 测量个体差异和自我调节的变化（控制思想，情绪，行为， 冲动），并将自我调节与身体活动，炎症和轨迹联系起来 神经认知健康。这是一个竞争性的更新，这项纵向研究开始于2001年， 2006年获得R 01资金，该资金由一个具有衰老、自我调节、运动方面专业知识的研究团队提交 科学、神经心理学、神经影像学和纵向设计与分析。上一个更新期 专注于自我调节各方面之间的关系，以及它们与免疫和 心血管健康更新继续评估这些措施，以提供这方面的连续性。 纵向数据集，并增加了创新，包括重复神经成像和评估 传染病负担。具体而言，本研究的目的是：（1）检验自我维度的影响， 调节（自主性、自我调节、执行认知功能和心率变异性） 与衰老和神经系统疾病风险相关的神经认知健康指标;（2）测试 自我调节和神经认知健康之间的关系在多大程度上是由身体介导的 活动和炎症;（3）测试神经认知健康是否与执行认知相关 功能（例如，背外侧额叶体积）有助于更好的自我调节，更高的身体活动， 和降低炎症;和（4）测试感染性疾病负担（潜伏病毒、弓形虫）的影响 自我调节、炎症和神经认知健康。每隔6个月，老年人（N = 175）将 自我报告的自我调节的完整措施;执行认知功能，包括抑制，转移， 工作记忆和静息心率变异性。身体活动、BMI和腰围将在 每次访问。采血将与这些访视同步进行，对这些样本进行的检测将 捕获血清促炎细胞因子和针对潜伏感染的抗体。样本具有跟踪功能 1-15年的许多这些指标的数据，合格子集（N = 90）将已经有基线 神经成像神经影像学检查将每隔2年重复进行两次。这次更新将是创新的， 动态系统的纵向评估，包括大脑，行为和免疫;整合 神经影像学测量与其他领域的健康和不健康的老龄化;和多模式评估 神经认知健康，包括主观认知健康、认知功能、容积成像测量， 连通性、分数各向异性和静息脑血流。

Summary The typical older adult experiences declines in brain structure and cognitive function, but these mean declines occur in the context of what can be very different individual trajectories. The purpose of this project is to measure individual differences and changes in self-regulation (control of thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and impulses) over time in older adults, and to link self-regulation to physical activity, inflammation, and trajectories of neurocognitive health. This is a competing renewal of this longitudinal study, which began in 2001 and received R01 funding in 2006, submitted by a research team with expertise in aging, self-regulation, exercise science, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and longitudinal design and analysis. The previous renewal period focused on relationships among facets of self-regulation and their relationship to immunological and cardiovascular health. The renewal continues assessment of these measures to provide continuity in this longitudinal dataset and adds innovation in the inclusion of repeated neuroimaging and assessment of infectious disease burden. Specifically, the aims of the study are: (1) to test the effects of facets of self- regulation (conscientiousness, self-regulation, executive cognitive function, and heart rate variability) on measures of neurocognitive health associated with aging and risk for neurological disease; (2) to test the degree to which the relationship between self-regulation and neurocognitive health is mediated by physical activity and inflammation; (3) to test whether neurocognitive health associated with executive cognitive functions (e.g., dorsolateral frontal lobe volume) contributes to better self-regulation, higher physical activity, and lower inflammation; and (4) to test effects of infectious disease burden (latent viruses, Toxoplasma gondii) on self-regulation, inflammation, and neurocognitive health. At 6-month intervals, older adults (N = 175) will complete measures of self-reported self-regulation; executive cognitive functions including inhibition, shifting, and working memory; and resting HRV. Physical activity, BMI, and waist circumference will be measured at each visit. Blood draws will be synchronized with these visits, and assays performed on these samples will capture serum proinflammatory cytokines and antibodies against latent infections. The sample has follow-back data on many of these measures from 1-15 years, and an eligible subset (N = 90) will already have baseline neuroimaging. Neuroimaging will be repeated twice at 2-year intervals. This renewal will be innovative in its longitudinal assessment of a dynamic system that includes brain, behavior, and immunity; integration of neuroimaging measures with other domains of healthy and unhealthy aging; and multimodal assessment of neurocognitive health, including subjective cognitive health, cognitive function, volumetric imaging measures, connectivity, fractional anisotropy, and resting cerebral blood flow.