Epidemiology, Clinical Trials and Outcomes Research In Nephrology

 描述(申请人提供)：慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)和急性肾脏损伤(AKI)是美国的公共卫生问题。来自国家卫生研究院、医学研究所和以患者为中心的结果研究所的报告建议加强医生在临床研究方法方面的培训计划，以将基础科学的进步转化为健康的改善。这项申请是为了更新16年前在塔夫茨医学中心和塔夫茨大学医学院威廉·B·施瓦茨肾脏病学部内建立的“流行病学、临床试验和结果研究”培训计划。医学博士安德鲁·S·利维和医学博士马克·J·萨纳克将分别担任项目主任和副项目主任。拟议的培训计划的独特之处在于，它将肾病学家的培训与尖端临床研究的杰出记录以及流行病学、生物统计学和卫生服务研究方面的知名科学家的培训结合在一起。教师监督与内部和外部顾问的监督相辅相成，包括高级临床研究人员和与CKD和AKI相关的公共卫生领域的世界领袖。具体目标1和2没有变化，但它们的执行力已大大加强，因为肾脏病学部研究的增长和成熟以及与塔夫茨临床和翻译科学研究所(CTSI)的整合，由美国国立卫生研究院资助：1)在塔夫茨大学萨克勒生物医学研究生院临床研究研究生项目中完成硕士学位的教学培训课程工作，有3个重点领域。2)独立研究--一项以假设为基础的研究项目，由一名肾病学家导师和一支在其他学科具有专业知识的教员组成的研究团队监督。肾病学教师和他们的合作者拥有数据库和正在进行的研究，可以作为受训者研究项目的主题。第三个具体目标现在更侧重于职业发展--为学员培养成为学术医学、政府和行业领导者的能力。肾病学家导师确保将课程的所有方面与受训者的研究项目相结合。导师培训将在2016年与CTSI一起实施。过去5年核准的15个实习生职位已全部填补。在此期间，其他来源还为另外13个受训人员职位提供了支助。自该项目开始以来，在完成该项目的56名学员中，37人在学术医学领域担任第一职位，5人在行业或政府部门，14人在临床实践中。23个已获得赠款支持。2014年有42名申请者，2015年有35名申请者。鉴于全国肾内科项目申请人数的下降，要求在未来5年内每年更新2个培训岗位。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are public health problems in the US. Reports from the National Institutes of Health, Institute of Medicine and Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute recommend strengthening training programs for physicians in the methods of clinical research to translate advances in basic science to improvements in health. This application is to renew the training program in "Epidemiology, Clinical Trials and Outcomes Research" established sixteen years ago within the William B. Schwartz Division of Nephrology at Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine. Andrew S. Levey, MD and Mark J. Sarnak, MD, MS remain the Program Director and Associate Program Director, respectively. The proposed training program is unique in that it combines training by nephrologists with outstanding records in cutting-edge clinical research and by established scientists in epidemiology, biostatistics and health services research. Faculty supervision is complemented by oversight by internal and external advisors, including senior clinical investigators and world leaders in public health related to CKD and AKI. Specific aims 1 and 2 are unchanged but their execution has been substantially strengthened by growth and maturation of research in the Division of Nephrology and integration with the Tufts Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI), funded by the NIH: 1) Didactic Training - course work in fulfillment of the MS degree in the Graduate Program in Clinical Research at the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University, with 3 areas of concentration. 2) Independent Study - an hypothesis-based research project supervised by a nephrologist mentor and a research team of faculty with expertise in other disciplines. Nephrology faculty and their collaborators have databases and ongoing studies that can serve as the subject of the trainees' research projects. Specific Aim 3 is now more focused on Career Development - to prepare trainees to serve as leaders in academic medicine, government and industry. Integration of all aspects of the curriculum with trainees' research projects is ensured by the nephrologist mentors. Mentor training will be implemented in 2016 in association with the CTSI. All 15 approved trainee positions in the past 5 years have been filled. An additional 13 trainee positions have been supported by other sources during this time. Of the 56 trainees who have completed the program since its inception, 37 took first positions in academic medicine, 5 in industry or government, and 14 in clinical practice. Twenty-three have received grant support. There were 42 applicants for 2014 and 35 for 2015. In view of the declining number of applicants to nephrology programs nationwide, renewal of 2 training positions per year is requested for the next 5 years.