TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER SIMULATOR FOR TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT

我们的目标是开发一个经颅多普勒(TCD)超声模拟器在一个物理 用于现实医学培训和专业能力测试的人体模型。这个 该项目的具体目标是： 1.研制了TCD模拟器样机。脑血管系统的解剖学 (CVS)将从患者的计算机中以三维(3D)重建 断层血管造影术(CTA)。CVS内各点的血流速度将 使用计算流动模型进行定义，并用于生成多普勒 TCD的频谱波形模拟。 2.研制了一台经颅彩色多谱勒模拟器样机。 CTA的超声模式图像。彩色多普勒图像将在 与我们的血管多普勒模拟器中的血流模型一样实时。 3.通过比较测量的血流速度来验证模拟的准确性 从具有3D模型中的真实速度的模拟器波形。我们会核实 频谱多普勒波形对比模拟的临床真实性 在模拟器上用患者的多普勒频谱波形进行测量。 这项研究将通过扩大患者获得TCD的机会而使医疗保健受益 建议的诊断程序，通过帮助增加提供者的数量 接受过表演TCD的培训。TCD循证应用的更广泛应用将有所帮助 避免侵入性和更昂贵的替代诊断测试。这项研究是 既适用于服务不足的患者-那些患有镰状细胞疾病的患者-也适用于大型 因为中风是美国人的第五大死亡原因， TCD在治疗缺血性和出血性疾病中有着重要的应用 中风。

We aim to develop a transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound simulator on a physical mannequin for realistic medical training and professional competence testing. The Specific Aims of the project are: 1. Develop a prototype TCD simulator. The anatomy of the cerebrovascular system (CVS) will be reconstructed in three dimensional (3D) from a patient’s computed tomography angiogram (CTA). The blood flow velocity at points within the CVS will be defined using computational flow modeling and used to generate the Doppler spectral waveform simulation for the TCD. 2. Develop a prototype transcranial color Doppler simulator by generating 2D B- mode ultrasound images from the CTA. Color Doppler images will be generated in real time from the flow model as in our vascular Doppler simulator. 3. Verify the accuracy of the simulation by comparing blood flow velocity measured from the simulator waveforms with the true velocities in the 3D models. We will verify the clinical realism of the simulation by comparing spectral Doppler waveforms measured on the simulator with patient Doppler spectral waveforms. This research will benefit health care by expanding patient access to TCD, a recommended diagnostic procedure, by helping to increase the number of providers trained to perform TCD. Wider use of evidence based applications of TCD will help avoid invasive and more expensive alternative diagnostic tests. This research is applicable both to underserved patients – those with sickle cell disease -- and to large patient populations because stroke is the fifth leading cause of death for Americans and TCD has critical applications in the management of ischemic as well as hemorrhagic strokes.