The presence and significance of hyperopic defocus across the retina in young myopic eyes

项目摘要： 近视研究是时间紧迫的，由于激增其全球范围内的患病率和严重性。知识 控制正常眼睛生长和促进近视发展的机制将提供改善的 有效治疗的机会。我的长期目标是成为一名研究 核心机制和治疗策略，以科普目前世界范围内流行的近视。 关键假设是眼的生长和近视的发展是由视觉反馈调节的， 眼睛视网膜图像的特定特征。因此，我建议回答三个问题： (1)离焦征是周边视网膜的一个有效线索吗？(2)儿童远视离焦多少 近距离观看时的体验？(3)近距离观看的儿童是否存在周边远视？ 为了回答这些关键的问题，我已经开发了一组4导师（教授布拉德利的视觉冲击， 眼科光学; Wildsoet博士近视发展; Yu博士三维视觉跟踪; Candy博士 儿童视力和眼动行为）和两位经验丰富的合作者（Thibos教授， 视觉和离轴光学，以及Kollbaum博士用于儿童多焦点CL拟合）。项目：（1）评估 具有不同计算产生的+和-散焦量的复杂自然场景的可辨别性 来自具有受控水平的散焦引起的幅度和相位变化的眼睛模型。我们假设 未经训练的儿童不能识别典型的多色复杂的自然场景外散焦的迹象 视网膜中央凹或中央凹附近。(2)实时监控观看距离和双眼调节 行为时，儿童参与近距离工作，近视治疗和不治疗。我们假设 在进行同样的近距离任务时，近视儿童系统地采用较短的工作距离， 比正视眼经历更大的屈光迟滞（远视散焦）。工作距离也可 受近视控制治疗的影响，这将影响他们消除远视散焦的能力。（三） 监视整个视野的远视散焦。再加上外围目标的距离， 头戴式跟踪系统和VisionApp，我们将使用宽视场像差测量来监测是否存在 任何远视和近视图像平面，并评估调节期间的图像特征， 自然和小瞳孔。我们假设瞳孔缩小可以改善中央凹和周边的图像质量， 发展近视并减弱任何远视散焦线索。总之，这些研究的光学现实和 发展和治疗近视所经历的神经特征将提供有用的见解，以更好地 了解近视的流行情况，提供预防近视的最佳机会。

Project Summary: Myopia research is time-critical due to the surge its worldwide prevalence and severity. Knowledge of the mechanisms controlling normal eye growth and contributing to myopia development will provide improved chances of effective treatment. My long-term goal is to become a leading scholar and scientist examining the core mechanisms and treatment strategies to cope with the current world-wide epidemic of myopia. The key hypothesis is that ocular growth and myopia development are regulated by visual feedback associated with specific characteristics of the eye's retinal image. Accordingly, I am proposing to answer three questions: (1) Is defocus sign an available cue in the peripheral retina? (2) How much hyperopic defocus do children experience when viewing at near? (3) Does peripheral hyperopia exist in children engaged in near viewing? To answer these crucial questions, I have developed a group of 4 mentors (Prof. Bradley for Visual Impact of Ocular Optics; Dr. Wildsoet for myopia development; Dr. Yu for three dimensional visual tracking; Dr. Candy for vision and oculomotor behavior in children) and two experienced collaborators (Prof. Thibos for peripheral vision and off-axis optics, and Dr. Kollbaum for multifocal CL fitting in children). Projects: (1) Assess the discriminability of complex natural scenes with different amounts of computationally generated + and - defocus from eye models with controlled levels of defocus-induced amplitude and phase changes. We hypothesize that untrained children cannot identify the sign of defocus for typical polychromatic complex natural scenes outside of the fovea or near foveal retina. (2) Monitor the real-time viewing distance and binocular accommodation behavior when children are involved in near work with and without myopia treatment. We hypothesize that when performing the same near task, the myopic children systematically adopt shorter working distances and experience larger accommodative lags (hyperopic defocus) than emmetropic eyes. Working distance may also be affected by myopia control treatments, which will affect their ability to remove hyperopic defocus. (3) Monitor the hyperopic defocus across the visual field. Coupled with peripheral target distance captured with the head-mounted tracking system and VisionApp, we will use wide-field aberrometry to monitor the presence of any hyperopic and myopic image planes, and evaluate image characteristics during accommodation with natural and small pupils. We hypothesize that pupil miosis can improve foveal and peripheral image quality in developing myopia and attenuate any hyperopic defocus cue. In sum, these studies of the optical realities and neural characteristics experienced by developing and treated myopes will provide useful insights to better understand this myopia epidemic and provide our best chance of myopia prevention.