Project 3 - The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

项目3.项目总结 此项目3源于我们目前Conte中心的项目3。它有我们孔蒂中心唯一的新PI， 加州理工学院院长莫布斯(2016年夏天从哥伦比亚大学搬来)的新教员，以及资深教职员工 联席少年派·科林·卡默勒。它的首要目标是理解社会推理和语境如何引导社会 威胁下的决策，这是项目2的对应物，它调查这些过程如何指导 亲社会的利他主义决定。有四个目标，它们从缓冲安全价值的角度追溯这一主题 其他人，通过对社会和非社会威胁的调查，来调查我们在 其他人阻挠我们的目标(与RDoC的“令人沮丧的非奖励”结构密切相关)。最后一个目标， 与项目1和2一样，调查个体差异。 与其他项目一样，与以不同方法调查的目标有密切联系。为 例如，项目4下的目标1将使用杏仁核的单个单位记录来研究神经元 应对特定类型的威胁，从基本威胁到社会威胁。这些联系也反映在 项目3，包括PI Adolphs和Hutcher son(来自项目2)、O‘Doherty(项目1)和Rutishauser (项目4，用于单一单元记录链接)，以及若干共享的博士后和学生。 AIMS利用PI Mobbs的专业知识构建更具生态有效性的协议，该协议可以 在fMRI环境中使用，具有可量化的参数，但捕获与 现实世界中的社会威胁。它将测试60名通过6个功能磁共振成像核心2和3招募的健康参与者 实验。目标1调查其他人的能力和声誉如何起到缓冲作用 抵御身体威胁(电击)。目标2研究虚拟觅食任务中的动态决策， 为了了解人们的选择是如何在社会或非社会威胁中交换回报概率的。目标3 调查社交环境中令人沮丧的非奖励：当其他人阻止我们的 目标--以及如何根据对方是否有借口或阻碍我们而有所不同 故意的。总而言之，项目1、2和3构建自一个计算性很强的框架， 量化任务，到更标准的社会神经科学框架，到最大化生态的框架 有效性。它们都涉及健康人的功能核磁共振研究，它们都与项目4下的AIMS有联系。 和/或将调查扩展到单单元研究或病变研究的5个。

Project 3. Project Summary. This Project 3 derives from Project 3 in our current Conte Center. It has the only new PI in our Conte Center, new faculty at Caltech Dean Mobbs (moving from Columbia University in summer, 2016), together with senior Co-PI Colin Camerer. Its overarching goal is to understand how social inference and context guide social decisions under threat, a counterpart to Project 2, which investigates how these processes instead guide prosocial altruistic decisions. There are four Aims, which trace this theme from the buffering safety value of other people, through investigations of social versus nonsocial threat, to investigations of how we behave when other people block our goals (closely related to the RDoC construct of “frustrative non-reward”). The last Aim, as in Projects 1 and 2, investigates individual differences. As with the other Projects, there are close links to Aims investigated with different approaches. For instance, Aim 1 under Project 4 will use single-unit recordings from the amygdala to investigate neuronal responses to specific types of threat, from basic to social. These links are also reflected in the personnel of Project 3, which includes PIs Adolphs and Hutcherson (from Project 2), O'Doherty (Project 1), and Rutishauser (Project 4, for the single-unit recording link), as well as several shared post-docs and students. The Aims leverage the expertise of PI Mobbs in constructing more ecologically valid protocols that can be used in the fMRI environment, have quantifiable parameters, but capture ecological contexts related to social threat in the real world. It will test 60 healthy participants recruited through Cores 2 and 3 in six fMRI experiments. Aim 1 investigates how the competence and reputation of other people can serve as a buffer against physical threats (electric shock). Aim 2 investigates dynamic decision-making in a virtual foraging task, to understand how people's choices trade reward probabilies against social or nonsocial threats. Aim 3 investigates frustrative nonreward in a social setting: what responses are elicited when other people block our goals-- and how this may vary depending on whether or not the other person has an excuse or is blocking us intentionally. Taken together, Projects 1, 2 and 3 build from a very computational framework with very quantitative tasks, to a more standard social neuroscience framework, to a framework maximizing ecological validity. They all involve fMRI studies in healthy people, and they all have links to Aims under Projects 4 and/or 5 that extend the investigation to single-unit studies or lesion studies.