Racial disparities in police use of deadly force as a cause of racial disparities in sleep health across the life course

摘要 许多研究记录了青少年睡眠不足的种族和民族差异。 成年人。这些差异被认为部分是由人际间的种族经历造成的。 歧视。仍然缺乏的是对结构性种族主义与穷人之间的因果机制的了解 睡眠健康。长期目标是减少健康方面的种族差异。它的科学目标是 应用程序是为了确定结构性种族主义的程度，表现为警察使用方面的种族差异 致命武力，导致睡眠健康方面的种族差异。这个应用程序的重点是警察使用致命武力 将手无寸铁的美国黑人视为结构性种族主义的主要表现。中心假设是 警方对手无寸铁的美国黑人使用致命武力导致其他黑人睡眠不健康 美国总人口中的美国人。这一假设是在强势的基础上提出的 初步数据显示，警察对手无寸铁的美国黑人使用致命武力会导致精神障碍 美国总人口中其他黑人的健康状况。这个应用程序的基本原理是 对结构性种族主义与睡眠健康不良之间的因果机制的详细理解可能会提供 制定和瞄准结构性和心理社会干预措施的强有力的科学框架，以减少 睡眠、心脏代谢和其他健康后果方面的种族差异。核心假设将通过以下方式进行检验 追求三个具体目标：1)估计警察对手无寸铁的黑人使用致命武力的程度 美国人一般与其他成年黑人睡眠健康状况差有因果关系。 美国人口。2)估计警察对手无寸铁的美国黑人使用致命武力的程度 与美国其他儿童和青少年睡眠健康状况差有因果关系 美国总人口。3)制定一个概念性框架，确定将种族联系起来的机制 警察使用致命武力的差异导致了睡眠健康方面的种族差异。在目标1和目标2中，以人口为基础 2013-18年的调查数据将与新的、高分辨率的警察杀人和 采用准实验回归模型进行分析。在目标3中，定性访谈将在5个月进行 美国城市建立一个关于结构性种族主义和睡眠健康的扎根理论。潜在的中介途径， 以及年龄和性别的影响，将在所有目标中进行探索。建议的关键创新之处 研究是将准实验的、基于人口的研究与定性研究相结合，以研究一种新的 导致睡眠健康方面的种族差异的因素。这些发现将对公众健康产生重大影响，因为 它们将为制定和确定结构性和心理社会干预措施提供原则证据 减少睡眠健康方面的种族差异。

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have documented racial & ethnic disparities in sleep deficiency among adolescents & adults. These disparities are thought to be explained partially by experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination. What remains lacking is knowledge of the causal mechanisms linking structural racism to poor sleep health. The long-term goal is to reduce racial disparities in health. The scientific objective of this application is to determine the extent to which structural racism, as manifested in racial disparities in police use of deadly force, leads to racial disparities in sleep health. This application focuses on police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans as a cardinal manifestation of structural racism. The central hypothesis is that police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans leads to unhealthy sleep among other black Americans in the general U.S. population. This hypothesis has been formulated on the basis of strong preliminary data showing that police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans leads to poor mental health among other black Americans in the general U.S. population. The rationale for this application is that detailed understanding of the causal mechanisms linking structural racism to poor sleep health is likely to offer a strong scientific framework for developing and targeting structural and psychosocial interventions to reduce racial disparities in sleep, cardiometabolic, and other health outcomes. The central hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: 1) Estimate the extent to which police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans is causally associated with poor sleep health among other adult black Americans in the general U.S. population. 2) Estimate the extent to which police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans is causally associated with poor sleep health among other children and adolescent black Americans in the general U.S. population. 3) Elaborate a conceptual framework identifying the mechanisms that link racial disparities in police use of deadly force to racial disparities in sleep health. In Aims 1 & 2, population-based survey data from 2013-18 will be merged with novel, high-resolution geocoded data on police killings and analyzed using quasi-experimental regression models. In Aim 3, qualitative interviews will be conducted in 5 U.S. cities to build a grounded theory about structural racism and sleep health. Potential mediating pathways, and effect modification by age and sex, will be explored in all aims. The key innovation of the proposed research is to pair quasi-experimental, population-based studies with qualitative research to investigate a novel contributor to racial disparities in sleep health. The findings will have significant public health impact because they will provide proof of principle for development and targeting of structural and psychosocial interventions to reduce racial disparities in sleep health.