Perceptual Learning and Memory Consolidation in Adults with and without Language Impairment

项目摘要 患有（特定）语言障碍（LI）的成年人面临终身挑战，这是一种常见的语言障碍。 影响7%的美国人口的学习障碍（Tomblin等人，1997年）。尽管有记录的困难， LI成人的教育程度、职业结果和法律的地位（Bryan等人，2007; Conti- Ramsden等人，2009;约翰逊等人，2010年），对成年LI的研究几乎被忽视， 文学因此，我们对年轻人所面临的教育和职业成就障碍知之甚少。 年轻的成年人与LI，如在学习和记忆的潜在障碍。 我们最近的研究发现，在对新的（非母语）声学语音进行知觉训练后， 信息，睡眠有助于提高具有典型语言的成年人的感知能力，但对具有典型语言的成年人则不然。 李的历史知觉学习中的记忆巩固如何与LI中更广泛的记忆编码有关， 还很清楚为此，我们的目标是确定这些任务的表现如何影响相对优势， 我们熟知的记忆系统的弱点：特别是程序性记忆和陈述性记忆。此外，委员会认为， 我们必须了解在离线整合中观察到的这种行为失败背后的神经机制。 因此，本提案中概述的研究旨在确定感知之间的关联 学习和陈述性和程序性记忆，并确定神经机制的基础上， LI的固结破坏行为现象。我们的目标将通过结合行为 数据建立程序和陈述性学习任务与我们的知觉学习任务。我们还将 扩展我们的感知学习行为协议，以研究训练语音的神经处理 使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）技术在睡眠前后进行。知识是 通过这项研究获得的信息将告知LI患者记忆巩固的时间进程，并告知 更广泛地研究成年人语音习得的认知基础。此外，通过定义一个 潜在的关键障碍，这方面的知识可能有助于改善补救结果 对于有这种常见发育障碍的年轻人来说。通过拟议的 该项目将有助于四个领域的研究：（具体）语言障碍，言语感知，第二 语言学习和记忆巩固。 .

PROJECT SUMMARY There are lifelong challenges faced by adults with (Specific) Language Impairment (LI), a common learning disability that affects 7% of the US population (Tomblin et al., 1997). Despite documented difficulties in educational attainment, vocational outcome, and legal standing for adults with LI (Bryan et al., 2007; Conti- Ramsden et al.,2009; Johnson et al.,2010), research on adults with LI have been all but been ignored in the literature. As a result, we know very little about the barriers to educational and vocational attainment faced by young adults with LI, such as the potential impairment in learning and memory. Our recent work has found that, following perceptual training on new (nonnative) acoustic-phonetic information, sleep facilitates improved perceptual ability in adults with typical language, but not in adults with a history of LI. How memory consolidation in perceptual learning relates to broader memory encoding in LI is not yet clear. To this end, we aim to establish how performance on these tasks inform relative strengths and weaknesses in well-understood memory systems: specifically, procedural and declarative memory. Furthermore, we must understand the neural mechanism underlying this observed behavioral failure in offline consolidation. Therefore, the research outlined in this proposal seeks to determine the association between perceptual learning and declarative and procedural memory, and to identify the neural mechanism underlying the behavioral phenomenon of consolidation failure in LI. Our aims will be addressed by combining behavioral data in established procedural and declarative learning tasks with our perceptual learning task. We will also extend our behavioral protocol on perceptual learning to investigate neural processing of trained speech sounds before and after sleep using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. The knowledge to be gained through this research will inform the time course of memory consolidation in individuals with LI, and inform the cognitive substrates of speech sound acquisition in adulthood more broadly. Furthermore, by defining a potentially critical obstacle to achievement, this knowledge may contribute to improving remediation outcomes for young adults with this common developmental disability. The knowledge to be gained through the proposed project will contribute to four areas of research: (Specific) Language Impairment, speech perception, second language learning, and memory consolidation. .