Racial disparities in police use of deadly force as a cause of racial disparities in sleep health across the life course

摘要 许多研究都记录了青少年睡眠不足的种族和民族差异， 成年人了这些差异被认为是部分解释的经验，人际种族 歧视仍然缺乏的是对结构性种族主义与贫穷之间因果关系的了解。 睡眠健康长期目标是减少健康方面的种族差异。科学目的是 适用的目的是确定结构性种族主义，如警察使用中的种族差异， 致命武力，导致睡眠健康的种族差异。此应用程序的重点是警察使用致命武力 是结构性种族主义的主要表现核心假设是， 警察对手无寸铁的美国黑人使用致命武力导致其他黑人睡眠不健康 美国人在美国总人口中。这一假设是建立在强有力的 初步数据显示，警察对手无寸铁的美国黑人使用致命武力导致精神不佳 健康在其他美国黑人在一般美国人口。这项申请的理由是， 详细了解结构性种族主义与睡眠健康状况不佳之间的因果机制， 一个强有力的科学框架，用于制定和定向结构性和心理社会干预措施， 睡眠，心脏代谢和其他健康结果的种族差异。中心假设将通过以下方式进行检验： 追求三个具体目标：1）估计警察对手无寸铁的黑人使用致命武力的程度 一般来说，美国人的睡眠状况与其他成年黑人的睡眠健康状况有因果关系。 美国人口2)估计警察对手无寸铁的美国黑人使用致命武力的程度， 与其他儿童和青少年美国黑人睡眠健康状况不佳有因果关系， 美国一般人口。3)制定一个概念框架，确定将种族歧视和仇外心理联系在一起的机制， 从警察使用致命武力的差异到睡眠健康的种族差异。在目标1和2中，基于人口的 2013年至2018年的调查数据将与关于警察杀人的新的高分辨率地理编码数据合并， 使用准实验回归模型进行分析。在目标3中，定性访谈将在5 美国城市建立一个关于结构性种族主义和睡眠健康的基础理论。潜在的介导途径， 以及按年龄和性别进行的效果调整。建议的主要创新之处在于 研究是将准实验性的、以人群为基础的研究与定性研究相结合， 睡眠健康的种族差异。这些发现将对公共卫生产生重大影响，因为 它们将为结构性和心理社会干预措施的制定和针对性提供原则证明， 减少睡眠健康方面的种族差异。

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have documented racial & ethnic disparities in sleep deficiency among adolescents & adults. These disparities are thought to be explained partially by experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination. What remains lacking is knowledge of the causal mechanisms linking structural racism to poor sleep health. The long-term goal is to reduce racial disparities in health. The scientific objective of this application is to determine the extent to which structural racism, as manifested in racial disparities in police use of deadly force, leads to racial disparities in sleep health. This application focuses on police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans as a cardinal manifestation of structural racism. The central hypothesis is that police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans leads to unhealthy sleep among other black Americans in the general U.S. population. This hypothesis has been formulated on the basis of strong preliminary data showing that police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans leads to poor mental health among other black Americans in the general U.S. population. The rationale for this application is that detailed understanding of the causal mechanisms linking structural racism to poor sleep health is likely to offer a strong scientific framework for developing and targeting structural and psychosocial interventions to reduce racial disparities in sleep, cardiometabolic, and other health outcomes. The central hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: 1) Estimate the extent to which police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans is causally associated with poor sleep health among other adult black Americans in the general U.S. population. 2) Estimate the extent to which police use of deadly force on unarmed black Americans is causally associated with poor sleep health among other children and adolescent black Americans in the general U.S. population. 3) Elaborate a conceptual framework identifying the mechanisms that link racial disparities in police use of deadly force to racial disparities in sleep health. In Aims 1 & 2, population-based survey data from 2013-18 will be merged with novel, high-resolution geocoded data on police killings and analyzed using quasi-experimental regression models. In Aim 3, qualitative interviews will be conducted in 5 U.S. cities to build a grounded theory about structural racism and sleep health. Potential mediating pathways, and effect modification by age and sex, will be explored in all aims. The key innovation of the proposed research is to pair quasi-experimental, population-based studies with qualitative research to investigate a novel contributor to racial disparities in sleep health. The findings will have significant public health impact because they will provide proof of principle for development and targeting of structural and psychosocial interventions to reduce racial disparities in sleep health.