Dimensional Adversity and Neural Vulnerabilities for Substance Use Among Rural and Non-Rural Adolescents

项目摘要 生活在资源贫乏的农村环境中的青年不成比例地受到慢性压力， 暴力、父母分居、获得保健服务的机会有限以及教育质量低下。趋同研究 将暴露于这些压力环境与早发性物质使用， 使用和物质使用障碍。此外，新的研究表明，慢性压力会改变 与下游物质使用问题相关的关键神经系统的发展。不同 情绪调节和奖励处理系统中的失调活动模式已经被 在有药物使用问题的人群中一致观察到。尽管有充分的证据支持 这些神经过程和物质使用之间的联系，研究这些模式， 青少年很少，而且往往能力不足。此外，很少有研究调查神经脆弱性， 物质使用已经考虑了逆境维度的影响（例如，威胁和剥夺）， 与神经发育和行为适应有着不同的联系。因此，申请人提出了一项 对家庭和社区内威胁和剥夺经历的影响进行的纵向研究 在奖励处理和情绪调节过程中改变神经功能的发展。为此， 申请人将采用2个现有的多波成像研究，包括一个高功率和多样化的国家 样本（青少年大脑和认知发展，或ABCD）和以青少年为中心的本地样本 在农村社区（风险和复原力的发展农村青年，或DORRY）。这些样品 为社区、家庭和青少年提供补充性的多层次和多模式评估 神经认知功能在国家和目标人群中的分布。通过这项研究，申请人旨在 为制定更早和更敏感的风险评估以及更有针对性的方法提供信息， 预防有吸毒风险的青年。 在拟议研究过程中，申请人将接受高级统计方面的广泛培训 方法，成瘾的神经认知基础，神经影像学结果分析， 社区风险和养育。申请人的环境适合拟议的学习和培训计划： 该申请的赞助商是认知神经科学和成瘾方面的领先研究人员，而共同赞助商 在研究青少年风险和恢复力、慢性压力和家庭过程方面拥有丰富的经验。 此外，这项研究是在UGA神经科学计划，它提供了广泛的支持 为申请人的培训，课程和资金的形式，和UGA生物成像研究中心， 它拥有最先进的3T扫描仪和充足的空间用于数据收集和分析。

PROJECT SUMMARY Youth living in resource-poor rural environments are disproportionately exposed to chronic stress such as violence, parental separation, limited access to health services, and low-quality education. Converging research links exposure to these stressful environments to early-onset substance use, heightened adolescent substance use, and substance use disorders in adulthood. Moreover, emerging research suggests that chronic stress alters development of critical neural systems that are associated with downstream substance use problems. Distinct patterns of dysregulated activity within emotion regulation and reward processing systems have been consistently observed in populations with substance use problems. Despite the ample evidence supporting associations between these neural processes and substance use, studies investigating these patterns in adolescents are few and often under-powered. Additionally, few studies investigating neural vulnerabilities for substance use have considered the effects of dimensions of adversity (e.g., threat and deprivation), which are differentially linked to neural development and behavioral adaptation. As such, the applicant proposes a longitudinal study of the contributions of threatening and depriving experiences within the family and community to development of altered neural function during reward processing and emotion regulation. To do so, the applicant will employ 2 existing multi-wave imaging studies, including a highly powered and diverse national sample (Adolescent Brain & Cognitive Development, or ABCD) and a local sample centered on adolescents within rural communities (Development of Risk & Resilience Among Rural Youth, or DORRY). These samples provide complementary multi-level and multi-modal assessment of the community, family, and adolescent neurocognitive function across both national and targeted populations. Through this research, the applicant aims to inform the development of earlier and more sensitive risk assessments and more targeted methods of prevention among youth at risk for substance use. During the course of the proposed study, the applicant will receive extensive training in advanced statistical methods, neurocognitive foundations of addiction, analysis for neuroimaging findings, and assessment of community risk and parenting. The applicant’s environment is ideal for the proposed study and training plan: the sponsor of the application is a leading researcher in cognitive neuroscience and addiction, while the co-sponsor has extensive experience researching adolescent risk and resilience, chronic stress, and family processes. Moreover, the research is taking place within the UGA Neuroscience Program, which provides extensive support for the applicant in the form of training, coursework, and funding, and the UGA Bio-Imaging Research Center, which houses a state-of-the-art 3T scanner and ample space for data collection and analysis.