Functional brain mapping in pediatric neurosurgery

我们将确定一种新的脑电地形图技术用于癫痫术前评估的实用性，参考 这就是“六维(6D)动态声道摄影术”。这个创新的程序使快速的神经传播变得生动起来 沿着MRI定义的3D白质束连接支持认知功能的区域。具体地说，它将 使用与事件相关的高伽马活动来定位支持特定语言功能的区域并计算 基于早期神经反应的潜伏期和幅度的神经传播的速度和强度 到单脉冲电刺激。我们预计，考虑到白色受损的负面影响 物质轨迹和癫痫控制的积极作用将有助于优化模型在预测方面的性能 术后语言结果：这将通过结合6D动态纤维束成像和 目的癫痫生物标志物，包括与慢波耦合的自发高频振荡(HFO)， 到我们的预测模型中。通过严格识别和考虑生理上的高伽马增强 时间锁定刺激和行为，我们创新的颅内脑电分析将更好地区分随机- 发生病理性HFO。我们的模型提供的另一个重要改进是它独立于 常规电刺激标测，可剧烈地诱发癫痫发作，但无法令人满意地定位 某些患者亚群中的语言区域。此外，该项目将使用6D动态牵引术来提供 一个明确的语言网络动力学神经生物学模型，使我们能够梳理出特定的路径 发源于支持听觉或视觉领域词汇提取的颞叶皮质。我们的前辈 Project表明，弓状束纤维支持听觉词汇表征的直接迁移 句子。我们现在将确定视觉对象的词汇表示是否同样被转移 通过弓状束或其他，包括梭形顶束。为了实现这些目标，这 Project将前瞻性地招募80名新的癫痫患者队列-年龄范围：0.5至21岁-正在接受 术中颅内脑电记录和随后的切除手术。最后，我们将确定是否 人脑在整个发育过程中创造并加强了与语言相关的功能部分。它有 已有研究表明，成人大脑仅在 声音开始，以解码声音之间的边界。相反，前STG显示出持续的激活 在听觉刺激期间对语音特征进行编码。我们将确定这样的功能划分是否 这在年纪较大的人中更为明显，他们的大脑更发达。虽然提供的假设侧重于 对于特定的大脑区域，我们将在全脑水平上执行所有拟议的分析。我们将把所有数据 以及公开提供的代码，以促进外部验证和实施。

We will determine the utility of a novel brain mapping technique for epilepsy presurgical evaluation, referred to as 'six-dimensional (6D) dynamic tractography'. This innovative program animates the rapid neural propagations along MRI-defined, 3D white matter tracts that connect regions supporting cognitive functions. Specifically, it will use event-related high gamma activity to localize the regions supporting specific linguistic functions and compute the velocity and strength of neural propagations based on the latency and amplitude of early neural responses to single-pulse electrical stimulation. We expect that considering both the negative effect of damaged white matter tracts and the positive effect of seizure control will help optimize the model's performance in predicting postoperative language outcomes; this will be accomplished by incorporating the 6D dynamic tractography and objective epilepsy biomarkers, including spontaneous high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) coupled to slow-waves, into our predictive model. By also identifying and considering the physiological high gamma augmentation strictly time-locked to stimuli and behaviors, our innovative intracranial EEG analysis will better distinguish the randomly- occurring pathologic HFOs. Another significant advancement provided by our model is its independence of conventional electrical stimulation mapping, which can acutely elicit seizures and fail to satisfactorily localize language areas in certain patient subsets. Additionally, this project will use 6D dynamic tractography to provide an explicit neurobiological model of language network dynamics, allowing us to tease apart the specific pathways originating from temporal lobe cortices that support the lexical retrieval of auditory or visual domains. Our prior project indicated that the arcuate fasciculus fibers support the direct transfer of lexical representations of auditory sentences. We will now determine whether the lexical representations of visual objects are likewise transferred via the arcuate fasciculus or others, including the fusiform-parietal fasciculus. To accomplish these goals, this project will prospectively recruit a new cohort of 80 epilepsy patients - age range: 0.5 to 21 years - undergoing extraoperative intracranial EEG recording and subsequent resective surgery. Finally, we will determine if the human brain creates and strengthens language-related functional parcellations throughout development. It has been suggested that the adult brain efficiently activates the posterior superior-temporal gyrus (STG) only during sound onset to decode the boundary between sounds. In contrast, the anterior STG shows sustained activation during an auditory stimulus to encode the phonetic features. We will determine if such a functional parcellation is more evident in older individuals, whose brains are more developed. While providing hypotheses focusing on specific brain regions, we will perform all of the proposed analyses at the whole-brain level. We will make all data and codes publicly available to facilitate external validation and implementation.