The role of adverse community-level policing exposure on disparities in Alzheimer's disease related dementias and deleterious multidimensional aging

项目摘要/摘要 减少美国黑人和拉丁裔/a/o老年人阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆(ADRD)的种族差异 对于成年人来说，检查发生在整个生命过程中的健康的关键结构决定因素是至关重要的，比如 结构性种族主义。然而，有限的研究探索了结构性种族主义的一个突出组成部分--不利 社区级警务(CLP)，黑人和拉丁裔/a/o老年人在 从早期历史上警方批准的私刑，到警方参与的杀戮、逮捕、 以及中年期间监禁黑人和拉丁裔/a/o人。美国国家老年健康研究所 差异研究框架将政治因素确定为老龄化研究的优先领域，但最低限度 关于这一决定因素的研究已经存在。在这项研究中，我将填补了解中电如何受到不利影响的主要空白 暴露会增加偶发痴呆症、认知衰退、加速衰老和心理不良的风险 黑人和拉丁裔人的健康/a/o老年人。具体的研究目标是考察以下内容 健康和退休研究中的黑人和拉丁裔/a/o参与者：目的1)估计 20年来中年不良CLP暴露伴抑郁症状和主观认知功能 自1994年《暴力犯罪控制和执法法》生效之日起算。目标2)探索 早期不良CLP暴露与偶发性痴呆的关系及其生物学加速 年龄超过50岁。目的3)比较早年和中年不良CLP暴露对客观测量的影响 晚年的记忆表现。这些目标为探索干预的R01应用程序奠定了基础 从不良的CLP暴露到ADRD的途径。帕丽斯·阿德金斯-杰克逊博士的长期职业目标是 成为一名独立的研究人员，领导解释结构性决定因素的作用的研究，如 关于ADRD的结构性种族主义和黑人和黑人等历史边缘化群体的多维老龄化 拉丁裔/a/o社区。她寻求K01指导研究科学家发展奖以获得关键 内容领域有关ADRD、认知功能和生物衰老的知识，以补充她在以下方面的专长 结构性种族主义和心理健康，这将导致一个独立资助的研究计划。她 职业发展计划包括ADRD的教学课程和辅导研究、认知功能和 生物老化，以及在ADRD差异研究中的领先地位。此培训将在以下位置的丰富环境中进行 哥伦比亚大学，包括梅尔曼公共卫生学院和格特鲁德·H·谢尔吉夫斯基中心 哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心。阿德金斯-杰克逊博士将接受一位经验丰富的 团队在ADRD、认知功能、生物衰老和 不利的中电曝险--他们中的许多人撰写了关于结构性种族主义和ADRD差异的开创性文献。 在这项工作的基础上，这项研究确定了可能导致 神经退化和有害衰老。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT To reduce racial disparities in Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (ADRD) for US Black and Latinx/a/o older adults, it is crucial to examine key structural determinants of health that occur across the life course, like structural racism. However, limited research explores a prominent component of structural racism, adverse community-level policing (CLP), that Black and Latinx/a/o older adults have consistently encountered across the life course from historical police-sanctioned lynchings during early life, to police-involved killings, arrests, and incarcerations of Black and Latinx/a/o persons during midlife. The National Institute of Aging’s Health Disparities Research Framework identifies political factors as a priority area of research on aging, yet minimal research exists on this determinant. In this study, I will fill major gaps in understanding how adverse CLP exposure increases risk for incident dementia, cognitive decline, accelerated aging, and poor psychological health for Black and Latinx/a/o older adults. The specific research aims are to examine the following among Black and Latinx/a/o participants in the Health and Retirement Study: Aim 1) Estimate the association between midlife adverse CLP exposure with depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive function over a 20-year period starting from the onset of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. Aim 2) Explore the relationship between early life adverse CLP exposure with incident dementia and accelerated biological age after 50. Aim 3) Compare the effects of early and midlife adverse CLP exposure on objectively measured memory performance in late life. These aims lay the groundwork for a R01 application exploring interventions to the pathway from adverse CLP exposure to ADRD. Dr. Paris Adkins-Jackson’s long-term career goal is to become an independent investigator that leads research that explicates the role of structural determinants like structural racism on ADRD and multidimensional aging for historically marginalized groups like Black and Latinx/a/o communities. She seeks a K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award to obtain critical content area knowledge on ADRD, cognitive function, and biological aging to complement her expertise in structural racism and psychological health, which will lead to an independently funded research program. Her career development plan includes didactic courses and mentored research in ADRD, cognitive function, and biological aging, and leadership in ADRD disparities research. This training will occur in the rich environment at Columbia University, including the Mailman School of Public Health and the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Dr. Adkins-Jackson will receive guidance from an experienced team with a strong track record of mentoring and funding in ADRD, cognitive function, biological aging, and adverse CLP exposure—many of whom wrote seminal literature on structural racism and ADRD disparities. Building on such work, this study determines the magnitude of a modifiable factor that may lead to neurodegeneration and harmful aging.