COVID-19 and Nail Salon Workers: Taking Stock of the Pandemic's Impact on Occupational Health and Safety

项目摘要/摘要：美国的400,000名美甲沙龙工人(NSW)--主要是移民 处于最佳生育年龄段的妇女--是一个价值100亿美元的小企业的一部分，该行业尚未得到充分的研究 而且很难接触到。NSWs是劳动力中低工资、保险不足的移民女性的象征 在他们所服务的社区中是看不见的。这些被忽视的工人人口不断地暴露在 职业危害，如有毒化学品、生物制剂、不良的人体工程学和心理 压力源。冠状病毒大流行(新冠肺炎)不仅加剧了这些国家的经济脆弱性 这不仅加剧了现有的未解决的职业健康和安全问题。Pre- 大流行研究表明，国家卫生工作者表示需要就产品暴露和安全措施进行培训。 鉴于新冠肺炎的存在，职场优先事项无疑已经转移，因为现在的重点可能是工作保障。 感染控制、资源获取和心理健康。此外，新南威尔士人患新冠肺炎的风险尤其大 由于提供客户服务所需的距离很近，因此受到感染。已经提出了几项建议 出版以指导雇主在疫情期间保护员工职业健康安全的方法。然而，我们有 不知道美甲沙龙老板是否以及在多大程度上采用和实施了这些指导方针 保护他们的工人。没有全面了解既定的保护措施，以及 以及新南威尔士州的优先事项是如何根据新冠肺炎的情况发生变化的，未来的干预措施将无法满足他们的需求 并有效地促进这些工人的健康和福祉。这种混合方法的顺序设计 在社区参与方法的指导下，研究有以下具体目标：(1)表征安全性 美甲沙龙老板在新冠肺炎期间实施的措施和优先事项的变化；(2)探索 社会工作者在新冠肺炎期间感知的职业健康安全体验和需求；以及(3)与社会工作者和业主合作 根据AIMS 1的文献和定性数据开发、试验和验证调查工具 和2.这项提案推进了NIOSH国家职业研究议程(NORA)的任务 服务行业以及健康工作设计和跨行业福祉：1)促进我们的 鉴于大流行，对职业健康和健康制度需求和变化的评估方法，在一个研究不足的小规模 商业行业工作者群体；以及2)为未来循证干预的设计提供信息。主 研究到实践(R2P)这一应用程序的贡献是双管齐下的：1)开发有针对性的 开展调查以提高对全国卫生工作者、职业健康和健康服务人员及其他类似类型工作人员的影响的了解 特征(例如，女性、低工资、保险不足、移民)；和2)建立和加强 研究团队成员和美甲沙龙社区之间的伙伴关系和合作。中级 结果包括新南威尔士州职业健康需求评估方法可能发生的变化 研究人员。除调查外，产出还包括出版物和会议记录。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: The 400,000 nail salon workers (NSW) in the U.S.—primarily immigrant women in their prime reproductive years—are part of a $10 billion small business industry that is understudied and hard-to-reach. NSWs are emblematic of low-wage, underinsured, immigrant women in the workforce who are invisible in the communities they serve. This overlooked worker population is continuously exposed to occupational hazards such as toxic chemicals, biological agents, poor ergonomics, and psychological stressors. The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) heightened not only the economic vulnerability of these workers but also exacerbated existing unaddressed occupational health and safety (OHS) issues. Pre- pandemic studies indicated NSWs expressed needs for training on product exposure and safety measures. Given COVID-19, workplace priorities have undoubtedly shifted as the focus may now be on job security, infection control, resource access, and mental health. In addition, NSWs are particularly at risk for COVID-19 infection given the close proximity needed to provide client services. Several recommendations have been published to guide employers’ methods to safeguard employees’ OHS during the pandemic. However, we do not know whether and to what extent nail salons owners are adopting and implementing those guidelines to protect their workers. Without a comprehensive understanding of established protective measures and whether and how NSW priorities have shifted in light of COVID-19, future interventions will be ill-equipped to meet their needs and effectively promote these workers’ health and wellbeing. This mixed-method sequential design study, guided by a community-engaged approach has the following Specific Aims: (1) Characterize the safety measures that nail salon owners have implemented during COVID-19 and changes in priorities; (2) Explore NSWs’ perceived OHS experiences and needs during COVID-19; and (3) Collaborate with NSWs and owners to develop, pilot, and validate a survey instrument informed by the literature and qualitative data from Aims 1 and 2. This proposal advances the missions of the NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Services sector as well as the Healthy Work Design and Well-Being Cross-Sector as it will: 1) advance our assessment approach of OHS needs and changes, in light of the pandemic, among an understudied small business industry worker group; and 2) inform the design of a future evidence-based intervention. The main research-to-practice (r2p) contribution of this application is two-pronged: 1) the development of a targeted survey to improve understanding of the pandemic’s effects on NSWs OHS and other workers with similar types of characteristics (e.g., female, low-wage, underinsured, immigrant); and 2) establish and strengthen partnership and collaboration among the study team members and nail salon community. Intermediate outcomes include the potential for changes in NSW needs assessment methodology for occupational health researchers. In addition to the survey, outputs will include publications and conference proceedings.