Translating an In-Person Brief, Bystander Bullying Intervention (STAC) to a Technology-Based - Phase II

虽然研究支持全面的、全校范围的干预措施在减少欺凌行为方面的有效性，但这些 不同类型的方案可能需要大量的时间和财政资源来实施，从而造成障碍 提供以学校为基础的欺凌预防，特别是在低收入和农村社区。另外， 尽管训练旁观者充当欺凌目标的“捍卫者”是一种重要的干预措施 作为其综合战略的一部分，很少有方案将此作为其综合战略的一部分。专注于以下方面的简要计划 为减少欺凌及其负面后果，需要旁观者培训和所需资源较少。 PI(Midgett博士)开发了STAC，这是一种简短的、独立的旁观者干预措施，适用于中学 学生，以减少欺凌和旁观者的心理健康风险。然而，简短的面对面计划仍然 造成实施障碍，如培训学校人员，提供外部支持，以及不允许 一大批学生要同时接受培训。对于这个项目，我们建议开发一种技术- 基于STAC干预(STAC-T)，允许学生通过选择化身定制他们的体验 以及基于我们之前在一系列中学进行的研究的欺凌场景，包括 在低收入和农村社区。我们还将纳入评估和个性化反馈 组件以促进行为更改。创新的、以用户为中心的设计将与生俱来 对学生的文化需求敏感，并确定适合个人的策略。这样做的具体目的是 应用程序包括利用我们之前的工作和外部顾问委员会的专业知识来构建计划， 与中学生和利益相关者一起进行可用性和有效性测试，以评估可行性，以及 用随机对照试验检验该方案的有效性。基于技术的平台将 提高STAC预防欺凌行为干预的整体覆盖范围、影响和可持续性。会的 大幅降低成本以扩大覆盖范围及其互动性和算法可以定制节目内容以 进一步调整它，使之适用于就读于低收入和农村学校的学生。因此，这种低成本、易于传播的 基于技术的欺凌旁观者干预有可能对问题产生实质性影响 欺凌及其对学生和旁观者的负面影响 上中学时，欺凌问题达到顶峰。STAC-T干预有很大的市场 在美国，大约有10万所公立和私立学校有中学年级。在全球范围内， 在线教育市场以每年10%的速度增长，数字健康市场每年超过2200亿美元。

While studies support the efficacy of comprehensive, school-wide interventions in reducing bullying, these types of programs can require significant time and financial resources for implementation, resulting in barriers to providing school-based bullying prevention, especially in low-income and rural communities. Additionally, although training bystanders to act as “defenders” on behalf of targets of bullying is an important intervention component, few programs include this as part of their comprehensive strategy. Brief programs that focus on bystander training and require fewer resources are needed to reduce bullying and its negative consequences. The PI (Dr. Midgett) developed STAC, a brief, stand-alone bullying bystander intervention for middle school students, to reduce bullying and mental health risks for bystanders. Brief, in-person programs, however, still pose implementation barrier such as training school personnel, providing external support, and not allowing for large groups of students to be trained at the same time. For this project, we propose to develop a technology- based STAC intervention (STAC-T) that will allow students to customize their experience by selecting avatars and bullying scenarios based on our previous studies conducted in a range of middle schools, including those in low-income and rural communities. We will also incorporate an assessment and personalized feedback component to promote behavior change. The innovative, user-centered design proposed will be inherently sensitive to cultural needs of students and identify personally-appropriate strategies. The specific aims of this application include building the program leveraging our prior work and expertise of an external advisory board, usability and effectiveness testing with middle school students and stakeholders to evaluate feasibility, and testing the efficacy of the program with a randomized controlled trial. The technology-based platform will increase the overall reach, impact, and sustainability of the STAC intervention for bullying prevention. It will substantially reduce cost to increase reach and its interactivity and algorithms can tailor program content to adapt it further for students attending low-income and rural schools. Thus, this low-cost, easy to disseminate technology-based bullying bystander intervention has the potential to have a substantial impact on the problem of bullying and the negative associated consequences for both students who are targets and bystanders in middle school when the problem of bullying peaks. There is a large market for the STAC-T intervention with approximately 100,000 public and private schools with middle-school grades in the United States. Globally, the online education market is growing at 10% a year and the digital health market exceeds $220 billion annually.