Cells and genes that govern inflammation in the subretinal space

摘要 伤害或疾病杀死视网膜神经元或感光细胞，从源头上阻断视力。的 无法修复视网膜是人类神经系统的一个标志;死亡的神经元不是 丢失的功能无法恢复。这一惨淡的结果是一种驱动力， 神经干细胞和再生生物学领域的研究。本项目的目标 是进行新的探索性研究，将调查新的概念和特点， 新发现的细胞类型被假设在死亡过程中发挥关键作用， 脊椎动物视网膜中光感受器的再生。这项工作将扩展我们实验室的项目 走向新的方向 这项研究计划利用斑马鱼视网膜，唯一的脊椎动物中枢神经系统组织，其中 内源性细胞可以再生单一的神经元类型，整合到现有的突触中， 电路，或再生所有类型的细胞，可以完全恢复原来的组织。 提出了两个具体的目标，每个目标旨在揭示细胞的重要见解。 和分子机制，控制炎症在视网膜下腔的感光细胞， 死亡与重生具体目标1将探讨RPE在建立 视锥细胞选择性死亡过程中视网膜下腔内的炎性里程碑 光感受器具体目标2将建立一个新确定的转录组签名， 视网膜下小胶质细胞群，与RPE一样，与视网膜色素上皮细胞有排他性关系。 光感受器确定炎症反应如何控制感光细胞 再生将推进我们对视网膜干细胞分子机制的认识 和祖细胞，并可指导基于细胞的治疗用于治疗视网膜损伤和疾病 在人类身上。

Abstract Injuries or diseases that kill retinal neurons or photoreceptors block vision at it source. The inability to repair the retina is a hallmark of the human nervous system; neurons that die are not replaced and functions that are lost are not recovered. This bleak outcome is a driving force for research on neural stem cells and the field of regeneration biology. The objective of this project is to undertake novel exploratory studies that will investigate new concepts and characterize newly-identified cell types that are hypothesized to play key roles during the death and regeneration of photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina. This work will extend projects in our lab toward new directions. This program of research utilizes the zebrafish retina, the only vertebrate CNS tissue in which endogenous cells can regenerate a single neuronal type, which integrates into existing synaptic circuits, or regenerate all cell types that can completely restore the original tissue. Two Specific Aims are proposed, each designed to reveal important insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern inflammation in subretinal space during photoreceptor death and regeneration. Specific Aim 1 will explore the role the RPE plays in establishing the inflammatory mileau within the sub-retinal space during the selective death of cone photoreceptors. Specific Aim 2 will establish the transcriptomic signature of a newly-identified population of subretinal microglia, which, like the RPE, have an exclusive relationship to photoreceptors. Determining how the inflammatory response governs photoreceptor regeneration will advance our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that govern retinal stem and progenitor cells and may guide cell-based therapeis for treating retinal injuries and disease in humans.