Behavioral Economic Demand for Cannabis and Tobacco among Young Adult Dual Users

项目摘要 据估计，美国有150万年轻人是大麻和烟草的双重使用者。双用户 经历更高的依赖率和戒烟困难，增加了他们长期- 这是一项长期的健康问题，并构成独特的公共卫生挑战。驱车去获取和使用 尽管成本高昂，但物质是上瘾的核心。物质的高估被捕获 行为经济需求(以下简称需求)的概念。取得的进展 预防和治疗年轻人的双重用途需要研究对大麻的需求 和烟草在三个关键领域。首先，必须确定对大麻和大麻的需求特征。 在这两种物质的使用者中使用烟草，并了解对每种物质的需求 随时间变化(目标1)。其次，我们对两用的理解存在重大差距，包括 了解需求与依赖等特定物质结果之间的联系 和戒烟尝试在双用户之间运行，以及对一种物质的需求是否会影响 共同使用物质的结果(目标2)。三是缺乏理论依据、说明性 将需求与双重用途联系起来的模式是在预防和治疗方面取得进展的障碍 两用。社会认知理论(SCT)是一种被广泛使用的行为健康模型 了解物质使用，包含可修改的因素，如预期、感知 风险和社会可接受性以及身份，这一点尚未用于大麻的双重用途 还有烟草。这项研究将确定与需求和双重用途(目标3)有关的小规模技术因素， 提供可操作的干预目标。解决这些目标将产生重要的 在预防和治疗高危人群中的一种独特的公共卫生问题方面取得进展， 与NIDA的使命一致。一项前瞻性的队列设计将用于测量行为 烟草和大麻的经济需求、烟草和大麻的当前使用及相关 250名年轻人(18-25岁)当前吸烟对行为健康的影响及SCT因素 和加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥的大麻使用者在三次75分钟的访问中：基线、6个月和1个月 12.这项研究将由加州圣地亚哥一个经验丰富的大学研究实验室进行 有招募和留住烟草和大麻使用者的记录，与 一位行为经济需求测量专家和一位领先的生物统计学家。这 项目将为学生提供高质量的执行、分析和研究体验 报告研究，与R16的目标一致。

Project Summary An estimated 1.5 million U.S. young adults are dual users of cannabis and tobacco. Dual users experience higher rates of dependence and difficulty quitting, compounding their risk of long- term health problems and posing a unique public health challenge. Drive to obtain and use substances despite cost is a centerpiece of addiction. Overvaluation of substances is captured by the concept behavioral economic demand (referred to hereafter as demand). Progress in preventing and treating dual use among young adults requires studying demand for cannabis and tobacco in three key areas. First, it is essential to characterize demand for cannabis and tobacco among users of both substances and understand how demand for each substance changes over time (Aim 1). Second, critical gaps in our understanding of dual use include not knowing how the link between demand and substance-specific outcomes, such as dependence and quit attempts operates among dual users, and whether demand for one substance impacts outcomes for the co-used substance (Aim 2). Third, the lack of a theory-based, explanatory model connecting demand to dual use is a barrier to progress in prevention and treatment of dual use. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is a widely used behavioral health model for understanding substance use, containing modifiable factors such as expectancies, perceptions of risk and social acceptability, and identity, which has yet to be applied to dual use of cannabis and tobacco. This study will identify SCT factors linked with demand and dual use (Aim 3), providing actionable targets of intervention. Addressing these aims will create significant progress in preventing and treating a unique public health problem among a high-risk group, consistent with NIDA’s mission. A prospective, cohort design will be used to measure behavioral economic demand for tobacco and cannabis, current use of tobacco and cannabis and related behavioral health effects, and SCT factors among 250 young adults (age 18-25) current tobacco and cannabis users in San Diego, CA at three, 75-minute visits: baseline, month 6, and month 12. The study will be conducted by an experienced university research lab in San Diego, CA with a track record of recruiting and retaining tobacco and cannabis users, in collaboration with an expert in behavioral economic demand measurement and a leading biostatistician. This project will provide students a high-quality research experience in the execution, analysis, and reporting of the study, consistent with the R16 aim.