The Effect of Acoustic Enhancement of Slow-Wave Activity on Cognitive Control and Emotional Reactivity in Young Adults with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms

项目摘要/摘要 焦虑和情绪障碍是最常见的精神疾病。他们也高度并存，而且 同时发生的情况与较差的患者结局相关。认知控制与神经行为功能障碍 情绪反应被认为是疾病发生和发展的基本机制。通知 有效的预防性治疗，关键是找出直接影响这些的可改变因素 跨诊断过程。睡眠就是其中一个因素。睡眠的最深阶段，慢波睡眠，是始终如一的 在大多数精神疾病中减少，并可以使用各种技术进行修改。慢波睡眠 主要分布在前额叶皮质，为认知过程提供特别的好处，包括认知 控制力。认知控制有助于降低对厌恶刺激的负面影响。该计划的目的是 目前的研究是阐明慢波睡眠在认知控制和对厌恶情绪反应中的作用。 刺激物。我们将研究40名患有焦虑、抑郁症状和睡眠障碍的年轻人。 参与者将在我们的睡眠实验室完成两个晚上的多导睡眠监测，以评估睡眠结构。 参与者还将佩戴声音刺激设备，以增强慢波睡眠。在其中一次 过夜，该设备将播放亚唤醒音调以促进慢波睡眠；在另一个通宵期间，该设备将播放音调 音量将为零。每次过夜后的第二天，参与者将完成认知控制的评估 以及功能性核磁共振扫描仪中的情绪反应。我们将研究慢波的声学增强效应。 睡眠对认知控制和情绪反应的神经行为测量，以及睡眠是否改善 情绪反应是通过改善认知控制来实现的。这项研究将阐明基于睡眠的 焦虑和情绪障碍的发病机制在高危样本中出现，并提供创新的、有针对性的、可获得的信息 睡眠预防性治疗。应聘者拥有睡眠操纵、多导睡眠图和 对认知过程进行评估，提出研究建议。提供额外的关键培训(1) 先进的针对性睡眠操作和睡眠脑电频谱分析，2)认知-情感神经科学和 FMRI，以及3)焦虑和情绪障碍的临床知识和治疗，首席调查员将 获得必要的技能，以开发一个专注于睡眠和心理健康的独立研究计划。 目前提案的培训和研究活动将在匹兹堡大学学校完成。 医学部。精神病学系和睡眠与昼夜科学中心是睡眠领域的领先者 和心理健康研究，致力于职业生涯早期科学家的专业发展。这个 候选人组建了一支由经验丰富的独立研究人员和临床医生组成的指导团队， 在拟议的研究目标方面的专业知识和指导的成功历史。知识和物质 匹兹堡大学提供的资源，结合拟议的指导小组的指导 坚定地定位候选人，以实现她提出的培训、研究和职业目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Anxiety and mood disorders are the most common psychiatric conditions. They are also highly comorbid, and co-occurrence is associated with worse patient outcomes. Neurobehavioral dysfunction in cognitive control and emotional reactivity are considered fundamental mechanisms of disorder onset and progression. To inform effective preventative treatments, it is critical to identify modifiable factors that directly impact these transdiagnostic processes. Sleep is one such factor. The deepest stage of sleep, slow-wave sleep, is consistently reduced in most psychiatric conditions and can be modified using a variety of techniques. Slow-wave sleep predominates over the prefrontal cortex, providing particular benefit to cognitive processes, including cognitive control. Cognitive control is instrumental in downregulating negative affect to aversive stimuli. The aim of the current study is to elucidate the role of slow-wave sleep in cognitive control and emotional reactivity to aversive stimuli. We will study 40 young adults with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms and sleep disturbance. Participants will complete two overnights in our sleep lab with polysomnography to assess sleep architecture. Participants will also wear an acoustic stimulation device to enhance slow-wave sleep. During one of the overnights, the device will play sub-arousal tones to boost slow-wave sleep; during the other overnight, tone volume will be zero. The day after each overnight, participants will complete assessments of cognitive control and emotional reactivity in an fMRI scanner. We will examine effects of acoustic enhancement of slow-wave sleep on neurobehavioral measures of cognitive control and emotional reactivity and whether improvements in emotional reactivity occur through cognitive control improvements. This study will elucidate sleep-based mechanisms of anxiety and mood disorder onset in an at-risk sample and inform innovative, targeted, accessible sleep preventative treatments. The candidate possesses skills in sleep manipulation, polysomnography, and assessment of cognitive processes to conduct the proposed research. With additional critical training in 1) advanced targeted sleep manipulation and sleep EEG spectral analysis, 2) cognitive-affective neuroscience and fMRI, and 3) clinical knowledge and treatment of anxiety and mood disorders, the Principal Investigator will obtain the skills necessary to develop an independent research program focused on sleep and mental health. Training and research activities for the current proposal will be completed at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The Department of Psychiatry and the Center for Sleep and Circadian Science are leaders in sleep and mental health research and devoted to the professional development of early career scientists. The candidate has assembled a mentorship team of experienced independent researchers and clinicians with expertise in the proposed research aims and a successful history of mentorship. The intellectual and material resources provided by the University of Pittsburgh, combined with the proposed mentorship team’s guidance strongly position the candidate to achieve her proposed training, research, and career goals.