Preventing Illegal Dumping to Address Community Violence

摘要 这是一项关于非法倾倒的研究，采用两个实验臂的随机对照设计(RCT)。 研究人员已经证明，恶化的空地与犯罪和暴力密切相关， 包括枪支暴力，以及通过修剪空地或通过 美化环境有助于恢复社会资本，提高安全感，减少犯罪和暴力。然而， 居民参与的绿化努力(被证明是为了加强预防暴力的绿化效果)经常 被非法倾倒破坏的，定义为通过不正当的、通常是秘密的方式反复处置废物 方法：研究方法。经历非法倾倒的空地面临着更高的暴力和犯罪风险，因为 这些网站上的身体紊乱加剧。各地空置率和经济撤资水平较高的城市 美国投入了大量的时间和资源来补救倾销活动。尽管形势严峻， 非法倾倒的广泛性质，很少有研究者系统地研究或确认这一问题 可行的预防模式。这项随机对照试验的目的是评估一种 社区开发的防止非法倾倒的县级空地反复干预 关于在密西西比州弗林特非法倾倒垃圾的报告，这是一个空置集中、经济不利的城市，关于暴力 犯罪。我们将研究两种不同方法(倾销干预和居民参与)的效果 维护与倾倒干预)转向对身体混乱和暴力犯罪的非法倾倒预防， 包括与枪支有关的警察事件，相对于没有受到干预的控制点。我们将进一步 检查在有和没有社区参与的情况下，在哪个社区进行干预的有效性 居民对防倾倒干预进行维护和监督。要研究每一项的可持续性 在这两种方法中，我们将纵向检验一个子集的倾销防御点的效果。我们 还将通过跟踪全市的整体倾倒报告并检查是否 新的倾倒地点出现在修复后的地点附近。最后，我们将进行成本效益和 有无居民参与维修的干预措施的成本-效益分析 避免了倾倒、清除和暴力及与枪支有关的犯罪。我们将与Genesee合作 县土地储备和社区进步中心实施研究并传播研究成果， 成本效益，以及通过其社区和国家网络实施的最佳做法。

Abstract This is a study of illegal dumping using a randomized control group (RCT) design with two experimental arms. Researchers have documented that deteriorated vacant lots are strongly associated with crime and violence, including firearm violence, and that greening vacant lots by mowing them or enhancing their appearance with landscaping can help to restore social capital, improve sense of safety, and reduce crime and violence. Yet, resident-engaged greening efforts (shown to enhance greening effects for violence prevention) are often undermined by illegal dumping, defined as the repeated disposal of waste though improper, often clandestine methods. Vacant lots experiencing illegal dumping are at even higher risk for violence and crime, due to the increased physical disorder on these sites. Cities with elevated vacancy and economic disinvestment across the U.S. devote significant time and resources to remediating dumping activity. Despite the severe and widespread nature of illegal dumping, few researchers have systematically studied this issue or identified viable modes of prevention. The purpose of this randomized control trial is to evaluate the effects of a community-developed illegal dumping prevention intervention on county owned vacant lots with repeated reports of illegal dumping in Flint, MI, a city with concentrated vacancy and economic disadvantage, on violent crime. We will examine the effects of two different approaches (dumping intervention plus resident-engaged maintenance vs. dumping intervention) onto illegal dumping prevention on physical disorder and violent crime, including firearm related police incidents, relative to control sites receiving no intervention. We will further examine the effectiveness of the intervention with and without community engagement, in which neighborhood residents maintain and monitor the dumping prevention intervention. To study the sustainability of each of these two approaches, we will test the effects of a subset of the dumping prevention sites longitudinally. We will also study displacement of dumping by tracking overall dumping reports across the city and examining if new dumping sites are appearing near the remediated sites. Finally, we will conduct cost effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of the intervention with and without resident engaged maintenance for both costs of dumping removal and violent and firearm-related crime averted. We will work in partnership with the Genesee County Land Bank and Center for Community Progress to implement the study and disseminate study results, cost-benefits, and best practices for implementation through their community and national networks.