Deciphering the neural mechanisms of music processing in the developing brain: A multi-feature and multi-cultural comparison

项目摘要 长期以来，音乐训练一直被用作增强神经功能和行为结果的治疗方法 在临床人群中。有大量的文献描述了音乐训练和音调语言 学习改变了健康成年人的大脑和行为。一个尚未解决的重要问题是， 音乐体验和语言体验在发育中的大脑中相互作用。 了解音乐和语言体验如何以及在何种程度上调节大脑皮层动力学， 脑功能（例如，音乐和语音处理）将打开一扇至关重要的大门， 有听觉或语言基础的条件。该项目的长期总体目标是揭示 大脑网络和发育中大脑音乐敏感性行为方面之间的因果关系。 这第一个项目提出应用音乐神经生理学范式，词汇音调， 神经生理学范式和行为措施，以揭示音乐和 在发育中的大脑中处理词汇音调。 本研究的三个具体目标是：1）确定听觉加工的皮层成熟轨迹 5-10岁儿童音乐的六个主要特征（节奏、强度、位置、滑音、音高、音色） 孩子将比较各年龄组的事件相关电位（ERP）反应。多功能音乐 将使用包括六种类型的特征改变的古怪范例。意义：这一目标至关重要 用于研究大脑发育可塑性对不同音乐特征的处理。2)以确定 无论是早期的音乐训练，音调语言，双语经验和不同的英语方言 调节皮层对上述六种主要音乐特征的敏感性。ERP响应将是 单语-双语，声调-非声调语言，主流美国英语方言之间的比较， 非裔美国英语方言群体（单语英语与主流美国英语方言， 没有音乐训练，单语英语与非裔美国人英语方言，双语西班牙语- 英语和普通话-英语双语）。意义：这些比较很重要，因为它会， 第一次揭示了方言经验、词汇声调发展、双语之间错综复杂的关系， 皮质水平音乐处理的发育和大脑发育。3)以确定是否，并 早期的音乐经验和语言经验在多大程度上调节了皮层对词汇音调的敏感性 处理.词汇声调对比的ERP反应将在上述各组之间进行比较 孩子们。意义：这些比较很重要，因为它将揭示关系 早期音乐训练和语音处理的神经表征之间的联系。

Project Summary Music training has long been used as a treatment to enhance neural function and behavioral outcomes in clinical populations. There is an extensive literature describing how music-training and tonal language learning alters the brain and behavior in healthy adult populations. One important unresolved issue is how music experience and language experience interact in the developing brain. Understanding how and to what extent music and language experience modulate cortical dynamics for brain functions (e.g., music and speech processing) will open a crucial door to treat a myriad of neurological conditions with an auditory or language base. The long-term overarching goal of this project is to uncover the causal relationship between brain networks and behavioral aspects of music sensitivity in the developing brain. This first project proposes to apply a combination of a music neurophysiological paradigm, a lexical tone neurophysiological paradigm and behavioral measures to uncover the complex interaction between music and lexical tone processing in the developing brain. The three specific aims are: 1) To determine the cortical maturational trajectories of auditory processing in terms of six main music features (rhythm, intensity, location, slide, pitch, and timbre) in 5-10 year old children. Event-related potential (ERP) responses will be compared across age groups. A multi-feature music oddball paradigm that includes six types of feature changes will be used. Significance: This aim is essential for examining brain developmental plasticity for the processing of different music features. 2) To determine whether early music training, tonal language, bilingual language experience and different English dialects modulate cortical sensitivity to the above-mentioned six main music features. The ERP responses will be compared across monolingual-bilingual, tonal-nontonal language, mainstream American English dialect – African American English dialect groups (monolingual English with mainstream American English dialect with and without music training, monolingual English with African American English dialect, bilingual Spanish- English and bilingual Mandarin-English). Significance: These comparisons are important because it will, for the first time, reveal the intricate relationship between dialectal experience, lexical tone development, bilingual development and brain development for music processing at the cortical level. 3) To determine whether, and to what extent, early music experience and language experience modulate cortical sensitivity to lexical tone processing. The ERP responses to lexical tone contrast will be compared across the above-mentioned groups of children. Significance: These comparisons are important because it will shed light on the relationship between early music training and the neural representations for speech processing.