Conceptual Models of Childhood Adversity: Multivariate and Neural Approaches

项目摘要 儿童时期的不良经历会带来许多负面的长期健康后果，但 这些经验是通过神经生物学嵌入的过程，并可能被积极的 经验尚不清楚。尽管逆境通常与大脑结构的差异有关，但许多人认为， 研究得出了相互矛盾的证据。这些问题可以通过方法和概念来解决。 考虑逆境测量差异的进展，与年龄相关的神经表达， 影响，以及积极的童年经历可能产生的竞争性影响。青春期，充满活力的时期 当许多人第一次经历心理健康问题时，神经系统的变化是评估影响的一个有希望的时间 对大脑发育和心理健康的影响。该项目将采用尖端的 计算技术，以确定逆境的两个概念模型的相对优势- 精神病理学的累积风险模型和维度模型-因为它们与大脑结构的变化有关 和心理健康。为了实现这些目标，该项目从六个 来自174名青春期女孩（初始年龄10-13岁，约18个月之间）纵向样本的数据波 waves）。具体目标是：1）评估逆境的累积和维度模型与 心理健康症状的纵向轨迹; 2）评估累积和维度模型的拟合， 逆境与脑结构发育的关系，并确定脑作为中介模型的可行性;以及3） 确定积极的生活经历对逆境-大脑-健康关系的影响。实现这些目标 将加深对这些概念模型的科学理解，并提供转化目标 应用程序.为了促进作为临床和发展神经科学家的职业生涯，该项目有五个培训 目标：发展以下方面的专门知识：1）将童年经历付诸实施，以预测有意义的结果; 2） 采用纵向单变量和多变量技术; 3）青少年大脑结构发育; 4） 科学传播; 5）专业发展。这项培训将在最先进的 俄勒冈州大学转化神经科学中心。詹妮弗·普法伊费尔医生将是 导师，因为她对青少年发展和神经影像学的广泛知识。菲利普·费希尔博士， 专家在早期逆境的影响，将提供有关逆境的概念模型的专业知识。罗伯特博士 查韦斯将提供与他在多元建模方面的丰富经验有关的指导。凯瑟琳医生 米尔斯将支持青少年大脑发育和可重复神经科学实践的培训， 在这些领域拥有丰富专业知识的顾问。耶拿·杜姆博士，他擅长保护 儿童压力机制的专家，将担任关于实施慈善 童年经历。鉴于他在发育神经成像纵向建模方面的专业知识，凯文博士 King将为纵向建模考虑提供咨询。

PROJECT SUMMARY Childhood adverse experiences confer risk for a multitude of negative long-term health outcomes, but the processes through which these experiences are neurobiologically embedded and possibly buffered by positive experiences are still unclear. Though adversity is regularly associated with differences in brain structure, many studies yield conflicting evidence. These may be resolved through methodological and conceptual advancements that consider the discrepancies in adversity measurement, age-related expressions of neural effects, and possible competing effects of positive childhood experiences. Adolescence, a period of dynamic neural change when many first experience mental health problems, is a promising time to evaluate the effects of childhood adversity on brain development and mental health. This project will employ cutting edge computational techniques to identify the relative advantages of two conceptual models of adversity – the cumulative risk model and dimensional model of psychopathology – as they relate to changes in brain structure and mental health throughout adolescence. To achieve these objectives, this project draws from up to six waves of data from a longitudinal sample of 174 adolescent girls (initial ages 10-13, ~18 months between waves). The specific aims are: 1) evaluate the fit of cumulative and dimensional models of adversity with longitudinal trajectories of mental health symptoms; 2) evaluate the fit of cumulative and dimensional models of adversity with structural brain development and determine the viability of brain-as-a-mediator model; and 3) identify the effect of positive life experiences on adversity-brain-health relationships. Completion of these aims will sharpen scientific understanding of these conceptual models and provide targets for translational application. To facilitate a career as a clinical and developmental neuroscientist, this project has five training goals: develop expertise in 1) operationalizing childhood experiences to predict meaningful outcomes; 2) employing longitudinal univariate and multivariate techniques; 3) adolescent structural brain development; 4) science communication; and 5) professional development. This training will occur within the state-of-the-art Center for Translational Neuroscience at the University of Oregon. Dr. Jennifer Pfeifer will be the primary mentor due to her extensive knowledge of adolescent development and neuroimaging. Dr. Philip Fisher, an expert in the effects of early adversity, will provide expertise on the conceptual models of adversity. Dr. Robert Chavez will provide mentorship related to his considerable experience in multivariate modeling. Dr. Kathryn Mills will support training in adolescent brain development and reproducible neuroscience practices as a consultant with considerable expertise in those areas. Dr. Jena Doom, who has expertise in protective mechanisms against childhood stress, will serve as a consultant on the operationalization of benevolent childhood experiences. Given his expertise in longitudinal modeling in developmental neuroimaging, Dr. Kevin King will provide consultation for longitudinal modeling considerations.