Behavioral and neurocognitive mechanisms linking peer victimization to adolescent psychopathology

项目总结/摘要 青春期是许多精神病理学形式，特别是抑郁症， 焦虑和自杀行为在这段时间出现的疾病会产生持久的后果，包括 复发风险增加，心理社会功能差。此漏洞出现在同行 受害变得更加普遍，对同伴拒绝的情感和生理反应也提高了， 使青少年时期的受害者特别具有伤害性。尽管同行之间有着密切的联系， 受害和内化问题在青春期，行为和神经机制的基础上， 这种联系仍然不清楚，限制了我们预防与受害有关的精神病理学的能力 在年轻的时候。拟议的项目将测试一个新的概念模型，其中提出两个基本的 同伴受害的维度，同伴威胁（例如，存在负面的社会经历，如拒绝）和 同伴剥夺（例如，缺乏积极的社会经验，如排斥）差异性地塑造神经认知 与精神病理学相关的过程和社会行为。具体来说，有人认为， 威胁影响神经认知和行为过程的方式，加强威胁检测和处理 (Aim而同伴剥夺的经历可能会导致奖励敏感性减弱和社会性降低 动机（目标2）。然后，该项目将研究神经认知和行为的改变是否有助于 将同伴受害与内化精神病理学联系起来的机制（目标3）。拟议的研究将 通过使用实验行为和功能磁共振成像任务的组合来测试这个概念模型， 密集的纵向设计，利用数字表型，计算神经科学和 预测建模方法。关键是，通过实施先进的统计机器学习方法， 预测模型，拟议的研究可能能够识别现实世界的社会行为模式， 受到受害的影响，反过来，预测精神病理学的出现。确定发展 在同伴受害后被破坏并最终导致精神病理学的过程是必要的， 制定有针对性的干预措施的第一步。该奖项还将提供候选人，谁有一个 在发展社会神经科学和临床科学方面有很强的背景， 实施数字表型分析、计算建模和先进的统计技术， 成功过渡到独立的研究生涯。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability for many forms of psychopathology, particularly depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors. Disorders that emerge during this time have lasting consequences, including elevated risk of recurrence, and poor psychosocial functioning. This vulnerability comes at a time when peer victimization becomes more common and emotional and physiological responses to peer rejection are elevated, rendering victimization particularly damaging during adolescence. Despite the strong links between peer victimization and internalizing problems during adolescence, the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear, limiting our ability to prevent the onset of victimization-related psychopathology in youth. The proposed project will test a novel conceptual model, in which it is proposed that two underlying dimensions of peer victimization, peer threat (e.g., presence of negative social experiences, like rejection) and peer deprivation (e.g., absence of positive social experiences, like ostracism) differentially shape neurocognitive processes and social behaviors that have relevance for psychopathology. Specifically, it is argued that peer threat influences neurocognitive and behavioral processes in ways that enhance threat detection and processing (Aim 1), whereas experiences of peer deprivation may contribute to blunted reward sensitivity and low social motivation (Aim 2). The project will then examine whether neurocognitive and behavioral alterations serve as mechanisms linking peer victimization with internalizing psychopathology (Aim 3). The proposed research will test this conceptual model by using a combination of experimental behavioral and fMRI tasks, as well as an intensive longitudinal design, leveraging advancements in digital phenotyping, computational neuroscience, and predictive modeling approaches. Critically, by implementing advanced statistical machine learning methods for predictive modeling, the proposed research may be able to identify patterns of real-world social behavior that are influenced by victimization and, in turn, predict the emergence of psychopathology. Identifying developmental processes that are disrupted following peer victimization and ultimately lead to psychopathology is a necessary first step in developing targeted intervention approaches. This award will also provide the candidate, who has a strong background in developmental social neuroscience and clinical science, with critical training in the implementation of digital phenotyping, computational modeling, and advanced statistical techniques to promote a successful transition to an independent research career.