EARLY EXPERIENCE AND ADOLESCENTS' RESPONSES TO ETHANOL

说明： 在人类和动物中，产前接触乙醇都会增加 对随后的乙醇滥用的易感性，并改变了 对乙醇的反应性。出生后接触乙醇的情况也被发现 增加以后的乙醇摄入量和相关方面的反应性 动物体内的乙醇。青春期甚至青春期早期开始使用酒精 青春期前已被证明与更大的可能性相关 成年期的酒精滥用，尽管在这些人类研究中存在因果关系 还有待于证明。摄取的一个决定因素和相关的 青春期早期对酒精的反应可能更早 暴露在乙醇中，这是目前实验中要探索的一种可能性。 对以前的实验程序进行改进，在以前的实验程序中，早期 酒精暴露发生在相对紧张的环境中，我们建议 在相对无压力的生态环境中提供早期接触乙醇的机会 具有代表性的情况，并评估对 青春期的酒精。我们的初步结果表明，作为青少年， 母鸭的后代与它们的幼崽一起生活在大围栏里，并自由地 随意选择饮用乙醇的量相对较大。 目前的建议是确定这种效应的个体发育基因-- 孕期、哺乳期或断奶期间的暴露是否存在差异 有效--并确定这种效果的控制参数。 第二个拟议的步骤是评估这些措施所产生的广泛后果 对乙醇反应的几个关键指标的早期暴露形式 在青春期。

DESCRIPTION: In both humans and animals prenatal exposure to ethanol increases susceptibility to subsequent ethanol abuse and alters related aspects of responsiveness to ethanol. Postnatal exposure to ethanol also has been found to increase later ethanol intake and related aspects of responsiveness to ethanol in animals. Early onset of ethanol use in adolescence or even pre-adolescence has been shown to be associated with a greater probability of ethanol abuse in adulthood, although causality in these studies with humans has yet to be demonstrated. One determinant of ingestion and related responsiveness to ethanol during early adolescence may be still earlier exposure to ethanol, a possibility to be explored in the present experiments. Toward improvement over previous experimental procedures in which early ethanol exposure occurs in relatively stressful circumstances, we propose to provide early exposure to ethanol in relatively nonstressful, ecologically representative circumstances and assess the consequences for responsiveness to ethanol in adolescence. Our preliminary results indicate that as adolescents, the offspring of dams living with their litter in large enclosures and free to consume ethanol ad libitum chose to drink relatively large amounts of ethanol. The present proposal is to determine the ontogenetic locus of this effect -- whether exposure during gestation, lactation or weaning is differentially effective -- and to determine controlling parameters of this effect. The second proposed step is to assess the breadth of consequences from these forms of early exposure for several key indices of responsiveness to ethanol during adolescence.