Short & Long Term Suicide Risk Factors

描述（由申请人提供）：美国每年有近3万人自杀。自杀是男性第8大死因，女性第19大死因。我们对自杀的短期（12个月或更短）风险因素的大部分了解来自回顾性研究，如心理尸检或死亡率随访项目。关于长期（一年以上）自杀风险因素的前瞻性数据主要来自高度精选的群体，例如精神病院住院患者。很少有（如果有的话）基于人群的前瞻性研究提供了短期（12个月）和长期（一年或多年）时间框架内自杀风险因素的信息。此外，很少有（如果有的话）基于人口的数据可以比较自杀与自然死亡或事故和他杀等外部因素造成的死亡的风险因素。然而，这些信息对于确定旨在减少自杀的干预措施的目标人群非常重要。拟议的小额赠款项目将利用对前瞻性数据的二次分析来确定（a）基线12个月内自杀的“短期”风险因素，（B）基线后一年以上自杀的“长期”风险因素，（c）自然原因和外部因素导致死亡的短期风险因素（d）自然原因和外部因素造成死亡的长期风险因素。这项前瞻性人口研究将利用最近与1986 - 1997年国家死亡指数相联系的1986 - 1994年国家健康访谈调查。该数据集将从大学间政治和社会研究联盟和国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）获得。NHIS是由NCHS进行的年度全国家庭访谈（每年样本量约为10万），提供有关人口统计、社会经济状况、功能限制、慢性病、残疾程度、医疗保健利用、自我评估的健康状况和其他健康相关主题的详细信息。补充访谈提供有关心理健康、残疾和饮酒的数据。该项目将侧重于1986年至1994年的应答者群体（其中1，995人自杀身亡）。生存分析将用于估计分别从旨在减少短期和长期自杀风险因素的干预措施中获得的潜在寿命年数。这项流行病学研究的结果将有助于我们更好地了解近端和远端自杀危险因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nearly 30,000 people complete suicide in the United States every year. Suicide is the 8th leading cause of death for males and the 19th for females. Much of our knowledge about short-term (12 months or less) risk factors for suicide derives from retrospective studies such as psychological autopsies or mortality follow-back projects. Prospective data on long-term (more than one year) suicide risk factors come chiefly from highly selected groups such as psychiatric hospital inpatients. There are few (if any) population-based prospective studies that provide information about risk factors for suicide in both short term (12 months) and long term (one or more years) time frames. Moreover, there are scant (if any) population-based data that allow for comparison of risk factors for suicide versus those for death by natural causes or mortality due to external factors such as accidents and homicide. Yet this information is important in the identification of target populations for interventions designed to reduce suicide. The proposed small grant project will use secondary analysis of prospective data to identify (a) "short term" risk factors for suicide within 12 months of baseline, (b) "long term" risk factors for suicide more than a year after baseline, (c) short term risk factors for death from natural causes and from external factors (such as accidents or homicides), and (d) long term risk factors for death from natural causes and from external factors. This prospective population-based study will make use of the National Health Interview Surveys, 1986-1994 (NHIS) that have recently been linked to the National Death Index, 1986-1997. The data set will be obtained from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The NHIS is a yearly nationwide household interview (with annual sample sizes of about a hundred thousand) conducted by the NCHS that provides detailed information on demographics, socio-economic status, functional limitations, chronic conditions, the extent of disability, health care utilization, self- assessed health status, and other health-related topics. Supplemental interviews provide data on mental health, disability, and alcohol consumption. This project will focus on cohorts of respondents from 1986 through 1994 (of whom 1,995 completed suicide). Survival analysis will be used to estimate potential years of life gained from interventions designed to reduce short term and long-term suicide risk factors, respectively. The results of this epidemiologic study, will help us better understand proximal and distal suicide risk factors.