Drug Dependence Epidemiology and Enviromics

描述(由申请人提供)： 国家药物滥用研究所颁发这一高级科学家奖(K05)的目的是为约翰·霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院的詹姆斯·C·安东尼教授提供稳定的支持，支持他在药物依赖流行病学和环境学主题上的持续研究、研究培训、指导和科学教育计划。研究计划和职业发展活动是围绕流行病学的五个主要问题和相关研究问题组织的：(1)在人口中，有多少人受到临床上有意义的药物依赖症状的影响？已经积累了多少病例？(2)在人群中，相对于人、地点和时间的特征，我们在哪里更有可能(或更少)发现药物依赖病例？(3)是什么原因导致一些人变得依赖药物而另一些人幸免于难？(4)相互关联的一系列事件和过程如何导致从非病例转变为药物依赖病例，以及成为病例或成为病例的危险后果？以及(5)我们可以做些什么来预防、推迟或降低成为药物依赖病例的风险、缩短持续时间或减轻相关的痛苦？“基因组”是指一种生命形式的遗传物质的总集合，而“环境”是生命形式生存和成功适应所需的环境过程和环境的总集合。作为基因组学和蛋白质组学的补充，药物依赖环境学是对特定的环境过程和环境的刻意研究，通过降低药物依赖的风险、流行率和问题来促进健康。在药物依赖环境学中，主要的研究对象既不是基因也不是环境，而是导致药物依赖的基因-环境相互作用，预防或维持药物依赖，中断药物依赖的自然历史，减轻药物依赖和相关残疾的全球负担。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this proposed Senior Scientist Award (K05) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse is to provide stability of support for Professor James C. Anthony of the Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, in relation to his program of continuing research, research training, mentoring, and science education on the topics of drug dependence epidemiology and enviromics. The research plan and career development activities are organized in relation to five main rubrics of epidemiology and associated research questions: (1) Within the population, how many people are becoming affected by clinically significant syndromes of drug dependence? How many cases have accumulated? (2) Within the population, where are we more (or less) likely to find drug dependence cases, in relation to characteristics of person, place, and time? (3) What accounts for some people becoming drug dependent while others are spared? (4) How do linked sequences of events and processes lead toward the transition from being a non-case to becoming a case of drug dependence, and the hazardous consequences of becoming or being a case? and (5) What can we do to prevent, delay, or reduce the risk of becoming a case of drug dependence, to reduce the duration, or to ameliorate the associated suffering? Whereas the 'genome' refers to the total ensemble of genetic material for a form of life, the 'envirome' is the total ensemble of environmental processes and circumstances required for life form viability and successful adaptation. In complement with genomics and proteomics, drug dependence enviromics is a deliberate search for specific environmental processes and circumstances that promote health by reducing the risk, prevalence, and problems of drug dependence. In drug dependence enviromics, the main objects of study are neither the gene nor the environment, but rather the gene-environment interactions that give rise to drug dependence, prevent or sustain it, interrupt its natural history, and reduce the global burden of drug dependence and associated disabilities.