Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Help Seeking of American Indian and Black Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence

摘要 亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是一个复杂而普遍的公共卫生问题， 美国印第安人和黑人妇女，她们通常不寻求帮助，但健康状况最差 结果包括杀人。随着COVID-19大流行的持续，寻求人工智能和黑人妇女的帮助 在倡导者对社交距离，隔离， 和隔离措施无意中危害到了患有IPV的妇女。据我们所知， 轶事证据表明，COVID-19大流行使妇女遭受暴力的经历变得复杂， 暴力水平可能上升，导致致命的结果，没有系统的研究存在跟踪妇女的 IPV在这次大流行期间的经验。为了解决这一紧迫的差距，我们提出了一个以社区为基础的 参与式研究（CBPR）研究由土著和黑人女权主义思想，将雇用 定性和定量的方法，使我们能够系统地描述独特的和交叉的 结构，经济和人际促进因素以及AI和黑人寻求IPV帮助的障碍 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，威斯康星州城市和农村地区的妇女。我们会进行调查， 三年来，每年对300名人工智能和黑人妇女进行个人和焦点小组访谈， 求助经历、求助模式和求助障碍。妇女将从社区招募- 在全州以及我们的合作伙伴通常向妇女提供信息的其他地点， 为了了解寻求帮助的妇女以及没有寻求帮助的妇女，我们 这项研究的最终目标是建立一个平台，让女性的声音能够为健康实践提供信息 和卫生政策，同时也从社区咨询委员会组成的倡导者和其他关键 威斯康星州的人工智能和黑人社区的成员，为解决 IPV在AI和黑人妇女生活中的紧迫问题。我们提出的CBPR研究符合使命 国家少数民族健康和健康差异研究所的目标，因为它侧重于两个 受大流行病影响特别严重的人口， 受IPV影响。此外，这项CBPR研究使基层，以社区为基础的机构与 学术合作伙伴（威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校）在奖学金，是在妇女的现实接地，是 这是一个参与性的过程，建立在社区成员的能力和复原力的基础上。

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and pervasive public health problem disproportionately affecting American Indian (AI) and Black women, who ordinarily do not seek help, but who experience the worst health outcomes including homicide. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, help-seeking for AI and Black women has become even more complicated amidst a global concern among advocates that social distancing, quarantine, and isolation measures are inadvertently endangering women experiencing IPV. To our knowledge, while anecdotal evidence shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has complicated women’s experiences of violence with a possible rise in levels of violence resulting in lethal outcomes, no systematic studies exist that track women’s experiences of IPV during this pandemic. To address this urgent gap, we propose a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study informed by Indigenous and Black feminist thought, that will employ qualitative and quantitative methods, enabling us to systematically describe the unique and intersecting structural, economic, and interpersonal facilitators and barriers to help-seeking for IPV among AI and Black women in urban and rural areas of Wisconsin during theCOVID-19 pandemic. We will conduct surveys and individual and focus group interviews with 300 AI and Black women every year for three years to track women’s experiences, patterns of help-seeking, and barriers to help-seeking. Women will be recruited from community- based partner agencies across the state as well as at other sites where our partners ordinarily inform women about their services, in order to capture women seeking help as well as women who have not sought help. Our ultimate goal through this study is to create a platform where women’s voices can then inform health practice and health policy while also drawing from a community advisory board constituted of advocates and other key members of AI and Black communities in Wisconsin, to provide actionable recommendations for addressing the urgent problem of IPV in the lives of AI and Black women. Our proposed CBPR study is in line with the mission and goals of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities because it focuses on two populations that are disproportionately affected by the pandemic, while also ordinarily disproportionately impacted by IPV. Additionally, this CBPR study engages grassroots, community-based agencies with an academic partner (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee) in scholarship that is grounded in women’s realities, is participatory in nature, and is built upon the capacities and the resilience of community members.