Sending for Nurses: Importing Care to U.S Hospitals

描述（由申请人提供）：护士供求的起伏一直困扰着美国（U.S.）几十年来，产生了许多战略，以增加照顾国家病人的人数。其中一个策略，跨越六十多年，是外国护士劳动力的进口到美国医院和长期护理设施。移民护士是来自不发达国家的主要女性，她们既代表了一个按性别、种族和阶级划分的鲜为人知的劳动力散居群体，也代表了一个在不断增长的移民妇女群体中独一无二的专业群体。因此，该项目的具体目标是提炼与美国护士短缺相关的关键问题，提供一个世纪职业女性劳动力迁移的案例研究，并探讨进口护理对公众健康的影响。使用广泛的主要和次要来源材料以及移民护士的采访，这本综合性的历史专著将研究性别，种族，阶级，民族，社会态度，医疗/技术进步，人口变化，政治和意识形态的转变，以及经济因素的交叉点，在塑造这个正在进行的护士短缺解决战略。在具体审查国际护士招聘对国内护理供应的影响、护士移民本身及其原籍国、雇用外国护士的卫生保健系统以及相关的护理质量结果的同时，该项目更广泛地调查了女性从弱势群体移民到非弱势群体的情况。 以及如何制定和实施促进个人和公共健康的政策和干预措施。考虑到美国目前和预计的护士供应严重不足，这是一个及时的分析，证据表明，在国际护士招聘从更多的国家，全球危机的照顾，产生的道德和公平问题，以及美国的倡议，以解决健康的决定因素，包括物理和社会环境，政策和干预措施，并获得优质的医疗保健显着扩张。使用历史调查的长透镜，拟议的研究将解决差距，在我们对这一现象的理解，并提供重要的数据，告知未来的护士劳动力规划的努力，并帮助改善医疗保健提供给美国公众。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ebbs and flows in nurse supply and demand have plagued the United States (U.S.) for decades, spawning numerous strategies to increase the number of caregivers for the nation's sick. One strategy, spanning over sixty years, is the importation of foreign nurse labor to American hospitals and long term care facilities. Primarily women from underdeveloped nations, migrant nurses represent both a little understood labor diaspora stratified by gender, race, and class and a professional cohort unique among a growing pool of migrating women. Thus, the project's specific aims are to distill critical issues associated with enduring U.S. nurse shortages, provide a case study of professional female labor migration in the twentieth century, and explore the outcomes of importing care on the public's health. Using a wide array of primary and secondary source materials as well as interviews of migrant nurses, this comprehensive historical monograph will examine the intersection of gender, race, class, ethnicity, societal attitudes, medical/technological advances, demographic change, political and ideological shifts, and economic factors in shaping this ongoing nurse shortage resolution strategy. While specifically examining the consequences of international nurse recruitment for the domestic nursing supply, the nurse migrants themselves and their countries of origin, the health care systems that employ foreign nurses, and the associated quality of care outcomes, the project more broadly investigates the landscape of female migration from vulnerable to developed nations and how policies and interventions that promote individual and public health are shaped and implemented. This is a timely analysis given the current and projected critical undersupply of nurses in the U.S., evidence of marked expansion in international nurse recruitment from a greater array of nations, a global crisis in caring that engenders questions of ethics and equity, and U.S. initiatives to address determinants of health-including physical and social environments, policies and interventions, and access to quality health care. Using the long lens of historical inquiry, the proposed study will address the gap in our understanding of this phenomenon and provide important data from which to inform future nurse workforce planning efforts and help improve health care delivery to the American public.