The overlap of speech production and verbal working memory

摘要 为了在日常对话中表达思想，我们的大脑必须保持语音信息， 短时间的言语工作记忆（vWM）。这对日常会话尤为重要 在混乱的环境中，说话的计划会很快改变，大脑必须适应这些变化。 变化先前的vWM模型表明，vWM在解剖学和功能上是离散的， 与言语产生的间接互动。然而，中风后病变的证据表明， 广泛的言语产生缺陷，也与vWM的问题，反对 言语产生和vWM之间存在强烈的分离。相反，我们建议将vWM集成到 语音生产规划系统，共享解剖和功能基板。为了研究这种重叠，我们 我建议通过一个人群来检查与这种功能重叠相关的神经反应， 作为临床护理的一部分，神经外科患者将电极直接植入大脑， 这给了我们一个独特的机会，可以在过去已经完成的更高分辨率下研究人类大脑。我们将 利用这种访问来解决以下问题：1）语音产生和vWM在 大脑？2)在规划演讲时，需要掌握哪些信息？3)什么样的运动特征是 在言语产生和虚拟WM之间共享吗？我们将使用一系列任务， vWM在不同言语产生成分中作用及直接测量人脑反应 大脑记录，包括具有前所未有的空间分辨率（<1 mm，高达 1024个电极，采样增加10倍）。理解这一基本认知过程及其在 日常语言的使用将导致更有针对性的方法，以帮助超过100万美国人谁遭受 中风引起的失语症

Abstract To enable the expression of ideas in everyday conversation, our brain must hold on to speech information for short periods of time in verbal working memory (vWM). This is particularly important for everyday conversation that takes place in chaotic environments: Plans for speaking change quickly, and the brain has to adapt to these changes. Previous models of vWM, have suggested that vWM is anatomically and functionally discrete, with only indirect interactions with speech production. Evidence from lesions following strokes however, have shown a wide range of speech production deficits that are also associated with problems with vWM, arguing against a strong dissociation between speech production and vWM. We propose instead that vWM is integrated in the speech production planning system, sharing an anatomical and functional substrate. To study this overlap, we propose to examine neural responses associated with this functional overlap through a population of neurosurgical patients who as part of their clinical care have electrodes implanted directly in their brain, giving us a unique opportunity to study the human brain at a greater resolution that has been done in the past. We will leverage this access to address the following questions: 1) Does speech production and vWM overlap in the brain? 2) What kind of information is held when planning for speech production? 3) What motor features are shared between speech production and vWM? We will use a series of tasks that are designed to separate out the role of vWM for different speech production components and measure human brain responses using direct brain recordings, including high density electrodes that have unprecedented spatial resolution (<1 mm, up to 1024 electrodes for a 10 x increase in sampling). Understanding this basic cognitive process and their role in everyday language use will lead to more targeted approaches to help the over 1 million Americans who suffer from stroke-induced aphasia.