Lives of the infectious and the infected: benign and pathogenic symbiosis

描述(由申请人提供)： 这个项目的具体目标是完成一本书，《感染者和感染者的生活：互惠和寄生内共生的生物学》，由芝加哥大学出版社出版。共生--两个或更多物种之间的亲密联系或“共同生活”--是一种重要的生物现象。将寄生虫和传染病包括在其职权范围内，由于人类是一系列良性和有害微生物的宿主，它也是一种与人类健康密切相关的现象。尽管关于植物、动物和人类的有害和良性感染的研究数量很多，但由于流行病学和寄生虫学更多地面向临床的学科与有益(互惠的)协会的研究人员一般以基础研究为导向之间的历史性分离，该领域的进展缓慢。这种分离--身体和学科一样多，这些领域的研究人员通常被安置在不同的部门和不同类型的机构--一方面强化了关于寄生虫和病原体对宿主的成本以及互惠微生物的好处的简单化刻板印象。但从共生协会的真正复杂性中，我们可以学到很多东西，特别是关于共生生活的那些方面，这些方面不尊重有害协会和有益协会之间的传统区分。最重要的是，这种划分模糊了寄生共生和互惠共生之间的共性，减缓了有害(寄生、致病)共生的研究人员和共生共生的研究人员相互学习的可能性。在其计划的13章中，重点是在该领域创建一个一致的、包容的术语；感染的机制、宿主到宿主的传播、宿主和共生体之间的代谢相互作用；以及一系列进化问题，这本书的目的不仅是综合这些快速发展的领域的不同文献，而且在这样做的过程中，促进新的视角、新的问题，以及对共生生命的机制、进化和悖论的更广泛的理解。 在将要讨论的范围广泛的共生关系中，人类的共生关系将提供关键的例子，包括：疟疾、结核病、血吸虫病、寄生蠕虫以及致病和共生(以及可能互惠的)肠道细菌。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The specific aim of this project is the completion of a book, "Lives of the Infectious and the Infected: the biology of mutualistic and parasitic endosymbiosis", for publication by the University of Chicago Press. Symbiosis - the intimate association, or "living together" between two or more species - is an important biological phenomenon. Including parasites and infectious disease within its purview, and with humans as hosts to an array of both benign and harmful microbes, it is also a phenomenon closely relevant to human health. Despite the volume of research on both harmful and benign infections of plants, animals, and humans, progress in the field has been slowed by the historic separation between the more clinically - oriented disciplines of epidemiology and parasitology and the generally-basic-research orientation of investigators of beneficial ("mutualistic") associations .This separation- physical as much as disciplinary, with researchers in these fields often housed in different departments and different kinds of institutions- has reinforced simplistic stereotypes about the costs of parasites and pathogens to hosts , on the one hand, and the benefits of mutualistic microbes, on the other. But there is much to be learned from the real complexities of symbiotic associations, especially about those aspects of symbiotic life that do not respect the traditional divisions between harmful and beneficial associations. Most importantly, in obscuring the commonalities between parasitic and mutualistic symbiosis, this division has slowed the potential for investigators of harmful (parasitic, pathogenic) symbioses and researchers of symbiotic mutualisms to learn from each other. In its planned 13 chapters that focus on creation of a consistent, inclusive terminology in the field; the mechanics of infection, host-to-host transmission, metabolic interactions between hosts and symbionts; and a series of evolutionary questions, the book aims not only to synthesize the disparate literature of these fastmoving fields, but, in doing so, to foster new perspectives , new questions, and a broader understanding of the mechanisms, evolution, and paradoxes of symbiotic life. Among the wide range of symbiotic associations to be discussed, symbiotic associations in humans will provide key examples, including: malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, parasitic helminths, and pathogenic and commensal (as well as possibly mutualistic) intestinal bacteria .