Microbiology Core

病毒感染仍然是发病和死亡的重要原因。尽管在可用性方面取得了进展， 疫苗产生和维持有效抗病毒免疫的机制尚不完全 明白这方面的一个主要问题是流感病毒，这是这方面一些项目的重点。 程序.流感病毒的疫苗必须每年重新制作，因为它还不可能 对这种快速进化的RNA病毒产生广泛的保护性免疫， 毁灭性的大流行性流感病毒株仍然存在。因此，我们必须了解 B细胞和T细胞对包括流感病毒在内的病毒感染的长期免疫的基本原理， 改进现有的疫苗接种策略，并开发新的疫苗接种策略。流感病毒的主要并发症 感染是与细菌共感染，导致细菌性肺炎。目前还不清楚这种合并感染是如何 呼吸道中的病毒和细菌病原体影响抗病毒免疫记忆， 对病毒的保护性免疫为了解决这些问题，研究项目将利用 常见的传染源核心B的总体目标是生成、标准化、存储和提供 传染性病原体的项目。此外，核心B将优化和验证检测试剂盒，以监测负荷 感染动物组织中的感染因子。因此，该核心的具体目标是：1）定义一个 肺炎链球菌呼吸道感染模型及肺炎链球菌与流感病毒混合感染模型 2）产生和表征表达CD 4 T细胞决定簇的肺炎链球菌 流感病毒HA;及3）生产、标准化、维持及储存传染性病原体。的活动 因此，这一核心将通过创建一个 一套通用和易于使用的工具，并通过提高质量、标准化和再现性， 每个项目产生的数据。

Viral infections remain a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in the availability of vaccines, the mechanisms of generating and maintaining effective antiviral immunity remains incompletely understood. A major concern in this regard is influenza virus, a focal point for a number of Projects in this Program. The vaccine for influenza virus must be remade each year because it has not yet been possible to generate broadly protective immunity to this rapidly evolving RNA virus and the potential emergence of devastating pandemic influenza virus strains remains ever present. Thus, it is essential that we understand the basic principles of long-term B cell and T cell immunity to viral infections, including influenza virus, to improve existing, and develop novel, vaccination strategies. A major complication with influenza virus infection is co-infection with bacteria resulting in bacterial pneumonia. It is unclear how such a co-infection with a virus and bacterial pathogen in the respiratory tract impacts antiviral immunological memory and future protective immunity to the virus. To address these questions, the research Projects will utilize common infectious agents. The overall goal of Core B is to generate, standardize, store and provide infectious agents to the Projects. In addition, Core B will optimize and validate assays to monitor the burden of infectious agents in tissues from infected animals. Thus, the specific Aims for this core are: 1) To define a model of respiratory infection with Streptococcus pneumonia (Sp) and coinfection with Sp and influenza virus; 2) To generate and characterize Streptococcus pneumoniae expressing CD4 T cell determinant(s) from influenza virus HA; and 3) To produce, standardize, maintain and store infectious agents. The activities of this Core will therefore create synergy and interaction between the different Projects by creating a common and easily accessible set of tools, and by enhancing the quality, standardization and reproducibility of the data generated by the individual Projects.