Sun Protection Among Children with a Family History of Melanoma

描述（由申请人提供）：暴露于紫外线辐射（UVR）是黑色素瘤发展的主要可改变危险因素之一，早期暴露被认为是最关键的。紫外线照射与家族史之间的关系尚未得到充分研究；然而，据信，对于那些因家族史而风险增加的人来说，紫外线辐射的后果可能会显著放大。然而，针对这一高风险群体的研究很少，而且对高危家庭儿童的防晒措施知之甚少，他们可能特别容易受到伤害。信息的缺乏给干预措施的发展带来了严重的挑战。因此，本探索性研究的目的是分析父母有黑色素瘤病史的儿童的防晒行为，并了解这一高风险和未充分研究的群体中防晒的相关性。从这项研究中获得的数据对于设计一项干预试验来增加这一群体的防晒实践至关重要。由于直接从儿童那里收集数据的复杂性，儿童的信息将从父母那里收集。我们将使用加州癌症登记处获取年龄在25-50岁之间的黑色素瘤病例的随机样本的联系信息。将从200例5-10岁儿童中收集数据。调查将主要侧重于向家长征求有关其子女防晒做法的信息，并评估这些做法的潜在决定因素，包括不可变因素（例如人口统计，儿童根据身体特征患黑色素瘤的客观风险），可变因素（例如父母的健康信念和态度），以及以前未检查过的黑色素瘤风险增加儿童的特定因素(例如，自父母诊断后的时间，父母在诊断时所处的阶段)。分析的目的是：1)分析当前防晒实践的样本；2)评估关于不可变、黑色素瘤特异性和可变因素在预测儿童防晒实践中的作用的理论和基于经验的假设；3)为干预试验设计的实际方面提供信息，包括样本量计算和招募估计。确定与高危儿童防晒相关的重要因素将用于定制未来干预的信息。此外，这个项目将允许新的研究者格伦博士将她的研究扩展到一个新的领域，黑色素瘤的预防，这在加州尤为重要。在这个项目中收集的数据将是她准备申请R01级资助的关键，并将帮助她走上成为一名独立研究人员的道路。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for development of melanoma with exposures occurring early in life believed to be most critical. The relationship between UVR exposure and family history has not been well-studied; however, it is believed that the consequences of UVR among those already at increased risk due to family history may be significantly magnified. Still, very little research has targeted this high risk group and little is known about the sun protection practices of children in high risk families, who may be particularly vulnerable. This lack of information poses serious challenges for intervention development. Therefore, the goal of this exploratory study is to profile children with a parental history of melanoma in regards to their sun protection practices and obtain an understanding of the correlates of sun protection in this high risk and understudied group. Data obtained from this study will be critical for designing an intervention trial to increase sun protection practices for this group. Due to the complexity of collecting data directly from children, information about children will be collected from parents. We will use the California Cancer Registry to obtain the contact information for a random sample of melanoma cases between the ages of 25-50 years. Data will be collected from 200 cases with children between 5-10 years of age. Surveys will focus primarily on soliciting information from parents about their children's sun protection practices and assessing potential determinants of these practices including immutable factors (e.g., demographics, objective risk of the child to develop melanoma based on physical characteristics), mutable factors (e.g., parental health beliefs and attitudes), and factors specific to children at increased risk for melanoma that have not been previously examined (e.g., time since parent's diagnosis, parent's stage at diagnosis). Analyses will aim to 1) profile the sample with regards to current sun protection practices 2) evaluate theory and empirically-based hypotheses with regard to the contribution of immutable, melanoma-specific and mutable factors in the prediction of children's sun protection practices and 3) inform the practical aspects of intervention trial design including sample size calculations and recruitment estimates. Factors determined to be important correlates of sun protection in high risk children will be used to customize messages for the future intervention. In addition, this project will allow a new investigator, Dr. Glenn, to expand her research into a new area, melanoma prevention that is particularly important in California. The data collected in this project will be critical in preparing her to apply for R01 level funding and will help her on the path towards being an independent researcher.