Responses to Type B Conjugate Vaccines Amongst HIV-1 Infected Children

肺炎链球菌和肺炎链球菌抗体定量和定性反应的评价 乙型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗 艾滋病毒-1感染从母亲到婴儿的垂直传播可以至少减少三分之二 简单的围产期抗逆转录病毒(ARV)药物方案。尽管如此，至少有10%-12%的艾滋病毒携带者 受感染的母亲仍然会感染HIV-1。通过抗逆转录病毒治疗对这些儿童的管理 (抗逆转录病毒治疗)和预防常见的机会性病原体在发达国家取得了成功。 在资源有限的国家实施这种干预只有通过创新才有可能。 战略。 感染HIV-1的儿童发病和死亡的主要原因是卡氏肺孢子虫感染 细菌，特别是肺炎链球菌和b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)。 针对这些病原体的预防措施包括复方三诺恶唑和新的结合疫苗。这个项目 将允许评估复方新诺明预防HIV-1感染儿童的有效性 以及它对选择耐抗生素细菌的影响。此外，艺术对人类社会的影响 肺炎球菌和Hib结合疫苗的免疫原性将在250例HIV-1中进行评估 接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的受感染儿童和125名在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的初级系列中没有接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的儿童 疫苗。这些儿童还将与血清阴性的未感染艾滋病毒的婴儿(n=125)进行比较。 和血清阳性(n=125)母亲。对这些疫苗的定量和定性抗体反应 将会被评估。

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines The vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection from mother to infant can be reduced by at least two-thirds using simple perinatal anti-retroviral (ARV) drug regimens. Nevertheless, at least 10-12% of children born to HIV-1 infected mothers will still be HIV-1 infected. The management of these children through anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and prophylaxis against common opportunistic pathogens has been successful in developed countries. Implementation of such an intervention in resource-constrained countries will only be possible through novel strategies. Maj or causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infected children are infection by Pneumocystis carinii and bacteria, specifically Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Prophylaxis against these pathogens includes co-trirnoxazole and the new conjugate vaccines. This project will allow for an evaluation of the effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-1 infected children and its impact on selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the impact of ART on the immunogenicity of the conjugated pneumococcal and Hib vaccines will be evaluated in 250 HIV-1 infected children receiving ART and 125 who are not receiving ART at the time of their primary series of vaccines. These children will also be compared to HIV uninfected infants, born to seronegative (n = 125) and seropositive (n = 125) mothers. Both quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to these vaccines will be evaluated.