Neuroimaging of Age-Related Changes in Language

项目摘要/摘要 老年人在命名物体时速度和准确性下降，口误更多，更多 在讲话中停顿，以及更多的舌尖经验，其中一个人甚至不能产生一个单词 尽管有一种鲜活的知觉。重要的是，老年人认为这些经历是令人沮丧的， 令人尴尬，而且经常出现记忆问题。虽然单词检索失败反映了 影响绝大多数老年人的衰老，是健康人语言产生的神经基础 老龄化问题几乎没有受到关注。研究表明，这些失败是语音缺陷造成的。 事实上，前一个供资期间的结果显示与年龄有关的显著下降和削弱。 大脑行为将语言产生的潜在语音方面联系在一起。然而，我们才刚刚开始 考察导致词汇提取困难的原因。因此，政府的首要目标是 目前的建议是使用行为测量、功能磁共振成像(FMRI)和 弥散张量成像(DTI)研究与年龄相关的脑功能减退的原因 单词检索。我们提出了一系列的5个实验来研究词汇和 词提取困难的行为因素对年龄相关的理论解释 语言产出的差异。多式联运办法将使我们能够审查 认知能力、语言产出和神经因素，如白质完整性和功能性 健康衰老中的激活。我们的长期目标是推进年龄相关差异的理论解释 在语言生产方面。我们的工作是在传输赤字理论(TDT)的指导下进行的，该理论提出 年龄削弱了语言系统内的联系，与年龄相关的传递缺陷破坏了语言系统 单词的产生多于单词的理解，这是因为 语音和语义表征。这项研究将提高对当前科学的认识 语言中与年龄相关的变化，并提供了对神经因素的特征 认知能力下降。这些结果将为区分正常的年龄相关者提供必要的信息 由于疾病的影响，语言的变化推动了我们对年龄的理论概念化- 相关的语言差异，并为认知障碍的康复治疗提供了洞察力 健康老龄化和临床患者。

Project Summary / Abstract Older adults exhibit decreased speed and accuracy in naming objects, more slips of the tongue, more pauses in speech, and more tip-of-the-tongue experiences, in which one cannot produce a word even though there is a vivid sense of knowing it. Importantly, older adults rank these experiences as a frustrating, embarrassing, and frequent memory problem. While word retrieval failures reflect a common aspect of aging that affects the vast majority of older individuals, the neural bases of language production in healthy aging has received little attention. Research suggests that these failures result from a phonological deficit. Indeed, results from the prior funding period demonstrated significant age-related decline and weakened brain-behavior links underlying phonological aspects of language production. However, we have only begun to examine the causal factors that contribute to word retrieval difficulty. Thus, the overarching goal of the present proposal is to use behavioral measures, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the causal factors that contribute to age-related declines in word retrieval. We propose a series of 5 experiments that will investigate the influence of lexical and behavioral factors that contribute to word retrieval difficulty to advance theoretical accounts of age-related differences in language production. The multimodal approach will allow us to examine the relations between cognitive abilities, language production, and neural factors such as white matter integrity and functional activation in healthy aging. Our long-term goal is to advance theoretical accounts of age-related differences in language production. Our work is guided by the Transmission Deficit Theory (TDT), which proposes that age weakens connections within the language system, and that age-related transmission deficits disrupt word production more than word comprehension because of differences between the architecture of phonological and semantic representations. This research will improve the current scientific understanding of age-related changes in language, and provide a characterization of the neural factors that contribute to cognitive decline. These results will provide essential information for differentiating normal age-related changes in language from the effects of disease, forge advances in our theoretical conceptualization of age- related differences in language, and provide insight into rehabilitative therapies for cognitive decline in both healthy aging and clinical patients.