A diagnostic model for malignant pulmonary nodules

低剂量CT早期发现肺癌 包括免疫疗法在内的治疗可以降低死亡率。LDCT现在被推荐用于肺癌 对吸烟者进行筛查。然而，通过LDCT筛查的吸烟者中，超过25%的人患有不明原因的肺病 结节(PN)，其中只有4%最终被诊断为肺癌，而95%以上是良性的 疾病，导致过度诊断。因此，大量患有不确定PNS的吸烟者被转介 对于侵入性活组织检查和昂贵的两年多次随访检查，这些检查本身就有发病率 和死亡率。因此，临床上对准确区分恶性肺组织的需要还没有得到满足。 患有LDCT发现的PNS的吸烟者的良性PN中的癌症)。然而，没有一种生物标志物和放射学 三叉神经节的特征为临床准确识别恶性肿瘤提供了足够的诊断价值 PNS。这项提议的项目的目标是开发一种专门区分恶性和恶性的测试。 良性PN。这项测试的目标人群将是患有LDCT发现的PNS的吸烟者。它未来在临床上的应用 将使患有良性PNS的吸烟者免于侵入性活组织检查和昂贵的多次后续检查， 同时促进肺癌的有效治疗立即启动。因此，这项测试可能 补充LDCT对肺癌的早期发现，从而降低死亡率和成本。

The early detection of lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) followed by effective treatments, including immunotherapy, can reduce the mortality. LDCT is now recommended for lung cancer screening in smokers. However, more than 25% of smokers screened by LDCT have indeterminate pulmonary nodules (PNs), of which only 4% are finally diagnosed to be lung cancers, whereas more than 95% are benign diseases, resulting in over-diagnosis. As a result, large numbers of smokers with indeterminate PNs are referred for invasive biopsies and expensive 2-year multiple follow-up examinations, which carry their own morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for accurately distinguishing malignant PN (lung cancer) from benign PN in smokers with LDCT-found PNs. However, none of biomarkers and radiological features of PNs provides sufficient diagnostic values required in the clinics for accurately identifying malignant PNs. The objective of this proposed project is to develop a test for specifically differentiating malignant from benign PN. The target population of this test will be smokers with LDCT-found PNs. Its future use in the clinics will spare smokers with benign PNs from invasive biopsies and expensive multiple follow-up examinations, while facilitating effective treatments to be instantly initiated for lung cancer. Therefore, the test could complement LDCT for the early detection lung cancer, and thereby reduce the mortality and cost.