Chemiexcitation: A New Mode of Skin Disease
Chemiexcitation: A New Mode of Skin Disease
批准号:
9381852
负责人:
DOUGLAS E BRASH
金额:
$58.71万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-09-01 至 2021-07-31
关键词:
Adverse eventBiochemicalBiochemistryBiologicalBioluminescenceBiophysicsBody TemperatureCarcinogensCell DeathCellsCessation of lifeChemicalsChemistryCicatrixDNADNA DamageDNA lesionDNA photoproductsDarknessDiseaseElectronsEnergy TransferEnzyme ActivationEnzymesEpidemiologyEpigenetic ProcessEventFirefliesFlavinsFree RadicalsGenerationsGenesHair ColorHemorrhageHourHumanHypertrophic CicatrixInflammationInjuryKnowledgeLeadLightLinkMAPK8 geneMalignant NeoplasmsMammalsMelaninsMelatoninMolecularMutationNADPH OxidaseNitric OxideNitrogenNon-MalignantOperative Surgical ProceduresOxidantsOxygenPathogenesisPathologic ProcessesPathway interactionsPeroxonitritePersonsPharmaceutical PreparationsPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesPhosphorylationPhotonsPigmentsPlayPrevalenceProcessPsoriasisPyrimidine DimersReactionReperfusion InjuryReportingResearch PersonnelRoleSchemeScienceSerotoninSignal TransductionSkinSunlightSuperoxidesTestingTissuesTraumaTryptophanUV Radiation ExposureUV inducedUlcerUltraviolet B RadiationUltraviolet RaysVariantVascular blood supplyWorkWound Healingcarbonyl groupcarcinogenicitycell behaviorcell killingeumelaninfootmelanocytemelanomanovelpathogenpheomelaninphotoionizationpreventquantumreceptorresponseskin disordertriplet state
中文摘要
项目摘要
一种新的疾病过程-化学激发-已被发现有助于黑色素瘤,促使目前的
建议了解其化学性质,并确定其在其他皮肤疾病中的作用,如过度
烧伤伤口的疤痕或暂时失去血液供应后的组织死亡。化学激发是一种化学物质,
电子被激发到高能量子态。 这一过程是一种生物发光的基础。
萤火虫,但从未在哺乳动物中发现过。 最近研究人员发现,在皮肤细胞中,
提供皮肤和头发的颜色(黑色素细胞),阳光的紫外线辐射(UV)激活两种酶,
合成自由基一氧化氮和超氧化物。这些联合收割机形成过氧亚硝酸盐,一种强氧化剂
它是少数几种能够激发电子到高能态的生物分子之一。过氧亚硝酸盐,
在黑色素的碎片上产生一个变形的二氧杂环丁烷环(C-O-O-C)。 戒指会自发地
断裂产生两个羰基(C=O)。一个羰基获得能量-化学激发步骤-并结束
处于量子“三重态”,具有紫外光子的能量,但将这种能量直接转移到DNA。在那里,
能量产生环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD),一种导致突变的DNA损伤,细胞
死亡和改变细胞行为。这个过程可以持续数小时后,一个人离开海滩,使
黑色素既致癌又有保护作用。 然而炎症和暂时性失血也会产生硝酸盐
氧化物和超氧化物,提高了化学激发在疾病中的作用远远超出阳光的可能性
和癌症
目前的建议旨在巩固生物学家对皮肤内化学激发事件的理解,
探索如何在没有UV的情况下触发相同的事件。 该项目有三个目标:1)确定
启动化学激发的光-酶信号步骤。 2)阐明未解决的生化步骤,
黑素细胞化学激发,寻找黑素以外的分子,可以主机化学激发,并确定基因
这是人与人之间反应差异的根本原因。 3)确定皮肤炎症是否可以替代
以及化学激发是否因此在增生性瘢痕形成和缺血再灌注中起作用
损伤 这些结果将使化学激发在皮肤的设置中有一个坚实的基础,并将提供一个基础,
研究三重态能量猝灭剂,在高能量导致疾病之前将其以热量的形式消散。
英文摘要
Project Summary
A new disease process – chemiexcitation – has been found to contribute to melanoma, prompting the current
proposal to understand its chemistry and determine its role in additional skin disorders such as excessive
scarring in burn wounds or tissue death after a temporary loss of blood supply. Chemiexcitation is the chemical
excitation of an electron to a high-energy quantum state. This process underlies the bioluminescence of a
firefly, but it had never been seen in mammals. Recently researchers discovered that, in the skin cells that
provide skin and hair color (melanocytes), sunlight's ultraviolet radiation (UV) activates two enzymes to
synthesize the free radicals nitric oxide and superoxide. These combine to form peroxynitrite, a strong oxidant
that is one of the few biological molecules able to excite an electron to a high energy state. Peroxynitrite then
creates a strained dioxetane ring (C–O–O–C) on fragments of melanin pigment. The ring spontaneously
breaks to yield two carbonyls (C=O). One carbonyl acquires the energy – the chemiexcitation step – and ends
in a quantum "triplet state" that has the energy of a UV photon but transfers this energy directly to DNA. There,
the energy creates cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), a type of DNA damage that leads to mutations, cell
death, and altered cell behavior. This process can continue for hours after a person leaves the beach, making
melanin carcinogenic as well as protective. Yet inflammation and temporary blood loss can also create nitric
oxide and superoxide, raising the possibility that chemiexcitation's role in disease extends well beyond sunlight
and cancer.
The present proposal seeks to solidify biologists' understanding of chemiexcitation events within skin and
explore how the same events can be triggered without UV. The project has three aims: 1) Determine the
photo-enzymatic signaling steps that initiate chemiexcitation. 2) Elucidate the unsolved biochemical steps in
melanocyte chemiexcitation, seek molecules besides melanin that can host chemiexcitation, and identify genes
underlying the variation in response between people. 3) Determine whether skin inflammation can substitute
for UV and whether chemiexcitation therefore plays a role in hypertrophic scarring and ischemia-reperfusion
injury. The results will put chemiexcitation on a firm footing in the setting of skin, and will provide a basis for
investigating triplet-state energy quenchers that dissipate the high energy as heat before it can lead to disease.
期刊论文(0)
专著(0)
科研奖励(0)
会议论文
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