Training for the Enhancement of Speech-In-Noise Processing Ability in Older Adults

项目摘要 正常衰老与在不利的听力条件下理解语言有关，并可能导致 老年人面临的问题，如社交孤立、焦虑、抑郁和生活质量下降。整体而言 该项目的目标是减轻在噪声中语音(SPIN)处理中表现出的与年龄相关的下降 使用音乐训练和有针对性的计算机化认知训练的老年人与不接受社会训练的老年人相比 控制力。一份大型文献表明，至少有两种类型的噪声可以使语音清晰度 降级：能量和信息性噪音。当噪声在频谱时间上被掩盖时，能量掩蔽结果 与语音信号重叠(例如，在建筑工地附近)，而在以下情况下产生信息屏蔽 噪声包含超出与语音信号的频谱-时间重叠的信息(例如，当响亮的 Talker就在您的对话附近)。几个认知过程与旋转知觉有关，如 如听觉工作记忆、听觉注意力和处理速度；以及感知过程，如 作为时间处理和缺口检测。重要的是，老年人往往更依赖认知资源 在信息掩蔽自旋加工的测试中，被试的成绩要好于年轻人。此外，一部内容丰富的文学作品 表明音乐训练不仅与增强旋转能力有关，而且还与感知和 认知能力。为了实现我们的总体目标，我们有两个目标：1)量化训练对旋转的影响 2)量化与训练相关的旋转加工收益的因素。在……里面 服务第一个目的，我们将比较钢琴课的效果，有针对性地进行计算机认知训练 关于旋转能力的潜在技能，以及关于旋转处理的社交参与会议控制组。 这些变量的测量将在培训前、三个月和培训后进行。为了服务于 第二个目标，我们将测量老年人的认知和感知能力以及人口统计信息 在三次测试中的每一次。我们将研究纺丝加工过程中的可变性如何通过 人口统计学、认知能力和知觉能力及其在旋转加工中的中介作用 实验条件采用结构方程建模和中介分析。在完成 在这份提案中概述的项目，我们将更好地了解培训方法，不仅可以用来 减弱与年龄相关的噪声中语音处理能力的下降，也为老年人提供了长期的 和可持续的健康老龄化工具。

Project Summary Normal aging is associated with difficulty understanding speech in adverse listening conditions and can lead to problems for the elderly such as social isolation, anxiety, depression, and diminished quality of life. The overall goal of this project is to attenuate the age-related decline exhibited in speech-in-noise (SPIN) processing in older adults using music training and targeted computerized cognitive training compared to a social, no-training control. A large literature suggests there are at least two types of noise in which speech intelligibility can be degraded: energetic and informational noise. Energetic masking results when the noise spectro-temporally overlaps with the speech signal (e.g., near a construction site), whereas informational masking results when the noise contains information beyond spectro-temporal overlap with the speech signal (e.g., when a loud talker is near your conversation). Several cognitive processes have been implicated in SPIN perception such as auditory working memory, auditory attention, and processing speed; as well as perceptual processes such as temporal processing and gap detection. Importantly, older adults tend to rely on cognitive resources more than young adults during tests of informational masking SPIN processing. Additionally, an expansive literature suggests that music training is associated with enhancements in not only SPIN ability, but also perceptual and cognitive abilities. To achieve our overall goal, we have two aims: 1) quantify the effect of training on SPIN processing in older adults, and 2) quantify the factors underlying training-related gains in SPIN processing. In service of the first aim, we will compare the effects of piano lessons, targeted computerized cognitive training of the skills underlying SPIN ability, and a social engagement meet-up control group on SPIN processing. Measurements of these variables will be taken at pre-training, three months, and post-training. In service of the second aim, we will measure cognitive and perceptual abilities and demographic information in the older adults at each of the three testing times. We will examine how variability in SPIN processing may be accounted for by demographics, cognitive ability, and perceptual ability and their mediation of SPIN processing in each experimental condition using structural equation modeling and mediation analyses. Upon completion of the project outlined in this proposal, we will better understand training methods that can be used to not only attenuate the age-related decline in speech-in-noise processing, but also provide older adults with a long-term and sustainable tool for healthy aging.