Neonatal Morbidities and Psychological Processes Underlying the Association Between Preterm Birth and ADHD

项目摘要 早产影响了美国出生的每十个婴儿中的大约一个， 显著的新生儿和终身发病率和经济成本。早产儿有可能患上 许多精神疾病，包括注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。虽然 大量的工作支持早产和ADHD之间的联系，因此迫切需要 更好地了解将早产与ADHD联系起来的特定风险因素和机制， 相关的发育、神经认知和社会情感缺陷。早产儿通常会忍受 新生儿发病率（即，脑室内出血[IVH]、支气管肺发育不良[BPD]和 动脉导管[PDA]），可能是ADHD风险的重要预测因子，但工作尚未检查 新生儿发病率的变化以及与ADHD和相关缺陷的潜在联系。这类研究 这对于阐明早产儿与早产儿之间的相关性的特定风险因素和机制至关重要。 出生与ADHD拟议的研究将确定特定的新生儿发病率（即，IVH，BPD， 和PDA）与儿童早期（30个月）ADHD相关的发育迟缓有关， 利用来自爱荷华州大学高危婴儿随访诊所的档案数据库。此外，档案 数据库将用于识别早产儿（6-10岁），以招募到随访研究中 检查神经认知，社会情绪过程和ADHD神经病学。神经认知和社会- 6-10岁的情绪过程将被检查为早产儿之间的关联的介质， 出生和ADHD症状。这项研究的长期目标是更好地了解 早产和ADHD之间联系的潜在机制，以改善预防和 干预努力。值得注意的是，这项研究和培训计划的补充目标，包括获得 了解新生儿发病率和典型发育，提高与科学写作有关的技能， 统计分析和临床评估，将为申请人提供成为 独立的临床科学家

Project Abstract Preterm birth affects approximately one out of every ten infants born in the United States, resulting in significant neonatal and life-long morbidities and economic costs. Preterm infants are at risk for developing a number of psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although a substantial body of work supports the association between preterm birth and ADHD, there is a critical need for a better understanding of the specific risk factors and mechanisms that link preterm birth to ADHD and its related developmental, neurocognitive, and socioemotional deficits. Preterm infants commonly endure neonatal morbidities (i.e., intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH], bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD], and patent ductus arteriosus [PDA]) that may be important predictors of risk for ADHD, yet work has not examined variability in neonatal morbidities and potential connections to ADHD and related deficits. Such research is essential to explicating the specific risk factors and mechanisms underlying the association between preterm birth and ADHD. The proposed research will determine whether specific neonatal morbidities (i.e., IVH, BPD, and PDA) are associated with ADHD-relevant developmental delays in early childhood (30 months of age) by utilizing an archival database from the University of Iowa High Risk Infant Follow-up Clinic. Further, the archival database will be used to identify preterm children (ages 6-10 years) for recruitment to a follow-up study examining neurocognition, socio-emotional processes, and ADHD symptomology. Neurocognition and socio- emotional processes at 6-10 years of age will be examined as mediators of the association between preterm birth and ADHD symptoms. The long-term objective of this research is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying links between preterm birth and ADHD, with the goal of improving prevention and intervention efforts. Notably, the complementary goals of this research and training plan, including gaining knowledge about neonatal morbidities and typical development and enhancing skills related to scientific writing, statistical analyses, and clinical assessment, will provide the applicant with a strong foundation for becoming an independent clinical scientist.